ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2014
Lipopolysaccharide O antigen size distribution is determined by a chain extension complex of variable stoichiometry in Escherichia coli O9a.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed.
- O-antigen polysaccharides inMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Functional Identification and Genetic Analysis of O-Antigen Gene Clusters of Food-Borne PathogenJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Klebsiella pneumoniae O-polysaccharide biosynthesis highlights the diverse organization of catalytic modules in ABC transporter-dependent glycan assembly.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2024Article
- Lipopolysaccharide with long O-antigen is crucial for Salmonella Enteritidis to evade complement activity and to facilitate bacterial survival in vivo in the Galleria mellonella infection model.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2024Article
- Preference of Bacterial Rhamnosyltransferases for 6-Deoxysugars Reveals a Strategy To Deplete O-Antigens.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2023Article
- Identification of a second glycoform of the clinically prevalent O1 antigen fromProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- The effect of O-antigen length determinant wzz on the immunogenicity of Salmonella Typhimurium for Escherichia coli O2 O-polysaccharides delivery.Veterinary research · 2023Article
- Synthesis of structurally-defined polymeric glycosylated phosphoprenols as potential lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic probes.Chemical science · 2021Article
- Cryo-EM structure of the full-length WzmWzt ABC transporter required for lipid-linked O antigen transport.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Progress and challenges in the synthesis of sequence controlled polysaccharides.Beilstein journal of organic chemistry · 2021Review
- Identification of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa O17 and O15 O-Specific Antigen Biosynthesis Loci Reveals an ABC Transporter-Dependent Synthesis Pathway and Mechanisms of Genetic Diversity.Journal of bacteriology · 2020Article
- Lipopolysaccharide O-antigens-bacterial glycans made to measure.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2020Review
- An Evolutionary Arms Race BetweenFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- Loss of wbpL disrupts O-polysaccharide synthesis and impairs virulence of plant-associated Pseudomonas strains.Molecular plant pathology · 2019Article
- Substrate recognition by a carbohydrate-binding module in the prototypical ABC transporter for lipopolysaccharide O-antigen fromThe Journal of biological chemistry · 2019Article
- Applications of different solvents and conditions for differential extraction of lipopolysaccharide in Gram-negative bacteria.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2019Article
- Glycoconjugates of Gram-negative bacteria and parasitic protozoa - are they similar in orchestrating the innate immune response?Innate immunity · 2019Review
- Novel role of the LPS core glycosyltransferase WapH for cold adaptation in the Antarctic bacterium Pseudomonas extremaustralis.PloS one · 2018Article
- Discovery of monoclonal antibodies cross-reactive to novel subserotypes of K. pneumoniae O3.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Single polysaccharide assembly protein that integrates polymerization, termination, and chain-length quality control.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2017Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
The lengths of bacterial polysaccharides can be critical for their biological function. Unlike DNA or protein synthesis, where polymer length is implicit in the nucleic acid template, the molecular mechanisms for regulating polysaccharide length are poorly understood. Two models are commonly cited: a "molecular clock" regulates length by controlling the duration of the polymer extension process, whereas a "molecular ruler" determines length by measurement against a physical structure in the biosynthetic complex. Escherichia coli O9a is a prototype for the biosynthesis of O polysaccharides by ATP-binding cassette transporter-dependent processes. The length of the O9a polysaccharide is determined by two proteins: an extension enzyme, WbdA, and a termination enzyme, WbdD. WbdD is known to self-oligomerize and also to interact with WbdA. Changing either enzyme's concentration can alter the polysaccharide length. We quantified the O9a polysaccharide length distribution and the enzyme concentration dependence in vivo, then made mathematical models to predict the polymer length distributions resulting from hypothetical length-regulation mechanisms. Our data show qualitative features that cannot be explained by either a molecular clock or a molecular ruler model. Therefore, we propose a "variable geometry" model, in which a postulated biosynthetic WbdA-WbdD complex assembles with variable stoichiometry dependent on relative enzyme concentration. Each stoichiometry produces polymers with a distinct, geometrically determined, modal length. This model reproduces the enzyme concentration dependence and modality of the observed polysaccharide length distributions. Our work highlights limitations of previous models and provides new insight into the mechanisms of length control in polysaccharide biosynthesis.
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