ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2014
Transcription factors TFIIF and TFIIS promote transcript elongation by RNA polymerase II by synergistic and independent mechanisms.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- TFIIS enhancement of Pol II cleavage is under kinetic control.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- A-to-I mRNA editing: Why not simply incorporate inosine during mRNA synthesis?Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- The Promoter-Proximal Pause: A Decision Point Governing RNA Polymerase II Fate.Annual review of biochemistry · 2026Review
- KAS-CUT&Tag for direct mapping of transcription bubbles.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Reorganizing the RNA polymerase II complex for replication of an infectious noncoding RNA in vivo.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- The general transcription factors (GTFs) of RNA polymerase II and their roles in plant development and stress responses.Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology · 2024Review
- Transcription stress at telomeres leads to cytosolic DNA release and paracrine senescence.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Article
- Mechanical disengagement of the cohesin ring.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2024Article
- When push comes to shove - RNA polymerase and DNA-bound protein roadblocks.Biophysical reviews · 2023Review
- Structural basis of a transcription pre-initiation complex on a divergent promoter.Molecular cell · 2023Article
- A remodeled RNA polymerase II complex catalyzing viroid RNA-templated transcription.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Structural advances in transcription elongation.Current opinion in structural biology · 2022Review
- RNA polymerase I (Pol I) lobe-binding subunit Rpa12.2 promotes RNA cleavage and proofreading.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2022Article
- Specialization of RNA Polymerase I in Comparison to Other Nuclear RNA Polymerases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Review
- PHF3 regulates neuronal gene expression through the Pol II CTD reader domain SPOC.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Spatiotemporal coordination of transcription preinitiation complex assembly in live cells.Molecular cell · 2021Article
- RNA polymerase II speed: a key player in controlling and adapting transcriptome composition.The EMBO journal · 2021Review
- Target acquired: transcriptional regulators as drug targets for protozoan parasites.International journal for parasitology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that transcript elongation by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is regulated by mechanical cues affecting the entry into, and exit from, transcriptionally inactive states, including pausing and arrest. We present a single-molecule optical-trapping study of the interactions of RNAPII with transcription elongation factors TFIIS and TFIIF, which affect these processes. By monitoring the response of elongation complexes containing RNAPII and combinations of TFIIF and TFIIS to controlled mechanical loads, we find that both transcription factors are independently capable of restoring arrested RNAPII to productive elongation. TFIIS, in addition to its established role in promoting transcript cleavage, is found to relieve arrest by a second, cleavage-independent mechanism. TFIIF synergistically enhances some, but not all, of the activities of TFIIS. These studies also uncovered unexpected insights into the mechanisms underlying transient pauses. The direct visualization of pauses at near-base-pair resolution, together with the load dependence of the pause-entry phase, suggests that two distinct mechanisms may be at play: backtracking under forces that hinder transcription and a backtrack-independent activity under assisting loads. The measured pause lifetime distributions are inconsistent with prevailing views of backtracking as a purely diffusive process, suggesting instead that the extent of backtracking may be modulated by mechanisms intrinsic to RNAPII. Pauses triggered by inosine triphosphate misincorporation led to backtracking, even under assisting loads, and their lifetimes were reduced by TFIIS, particularly when aided by TFIIF. Overall, these experiments provide additional insights into how obstacles to transcription may be overcome by the concerted actions of multiple accessory factors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.