ArticlePlant physiology2014
Arabidopsis Glutathione Transferases U24 and U25 Exhibit a Range of Detoxification Activities with the Environmental Pollutant and Explosive, 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene.
Article in Plant physiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genome-wide identification of the GST reveals ZmGST1 enhances the resistance to Exserohilum turcicum in maize.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Genome-wide analysis of the glutathione S-transferase family inFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- New weapons explosive exhibits persistent toxicity in plants.Nature plants · 2025Article
- Article
- Genome-wide identification and in silico analysis of GSTs reveals hormone mediated stress response in saffron.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- UDP-glycosyltransferase UGT96C10 functions as a novel detoxification factor for conjugating the activated dinitrotoluene sulfonate in switchgrass.Plant biotechnology journal · 2024Article
- microRNA408 and its encoded peptide regulate sulfur assimilation and arsenic stress response in Arabidopsis.Plant physiology · 2023Article
- Identification and characterization of a novel chromosomal aminoglycoside 3'-Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- AtGSTU19 and AtGSTU24 as Moderators of the Response ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Identification of genes differentially expressed between prostrate shoots and erect shoots in the lycophyteAoB PLANTS · 2022Article
- Glutathione S-transferase: a versatile protein family.3 Biotech · 2020Review
- Compensation of Mutation inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Genome wide identification and comparative analysis of glutathione transferases (GST) family genes in Brassica napus.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Genetic modification of western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii) for the phytoremediation of RDX and TNT.Planta · 2019Article
- Functional, Structural and Biochemical Features of Plant Serinyl-Glutathione Transferases.Frontiers in plant science · 2019Review
- The Sycamore Maple Bacterial Culture Collection From a TNT Polluted Site Shows Novel Plant-Growth Promoting and Explosives Degrading Bacteria.Frontiers in plant science · 2018Article
- Structure-Guided Mechanisms Behind the Metabolism of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene by Glutathione Transferases U25 and U24 That Lead to Alternate Product Distribution.Frontiers in plant science · 2018Article
- Metabolism and Photolysis of 2,4-Dinitroanisole in Arabidopsis.Environmental science & technology · 2017Article
- Phytodetoxification of TNT by transplastomic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) expressing a bacterial nitroreductase.Plant molecular biology · 2017Article
- Plant glutathione transferase-mediated stress tolerance: functions and biotechnological applications.Plant cell reports · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a major worldwide military pollutant. The presence of this toxic and highly persistent pollutant, particularly at military sites and former manufacturing facilities, presents various health and environmental concerns. Due to the chemically resistant structure of TNT, it has proven to be highly recalcitrant to biodegradation in the environment. Here, we demonstrate the importance of two glutathione transferases (GSTs), GST-U24 and GST-U25, from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) that are specifically up-regulated in response to TNT exposure. To assess the role of GST-U24 and GST-U25, we purified and characterized recombinant forms of both enzymes and demonstrated the formation of three TNT glutathionyl products. Importantly, GST-U25 catalyzed the denitration of TNT to form 2-glutathionyl-4,6-dinitrotoluene, a product that is likely to be more amenable to subsequent biodegradation in the environment. Despite the presence of this biochemical detoxification pathway in plants, physiological concentrations of GST-U24 and GST-U25 result in only a limited innate ability to cope with the levels of TNT found at contaminated sites. We demonstrate that Arabidopsis plants overexpressing GST-U24 and GST-U25 exhibit significantly enhanced ability to withstand and detoxify TNT, properties that could be applied for in planta detoxification of TNT in the field. The overexpressing lines removed significantly more TNT from soil and exhibited a corresponding reduction in glutathione levels when compared with wild-type plants. However, in the absence of TNT, overexpression of these GSTs reduces root and shoot biomass, and although glutathione levels are not affected, this effect has implications for xenobiotic detoxification.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.