Trial reportJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2014
Maturation of innate responses to mycobacteria over the first nine months of life.
Trial report in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of osteopontin-enriched formula on lymphocyte subsets in the first 6 months of life: a randomized controlled trial.Pediatric research · 2017Trial
- In vitro cytokine induction by TLR-activating vaccine adjuvants in human blood varies by age and adjuvant.Cytokine · 2016Trial
- BCG vaccination induces antibacterial effector functions among Vδ1/3 T cells that are associated with protection against tuberculosis.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- TOLLIP Optimizes Dendritic Cell Maturation to Lipopolysaccharide andJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
- REL and BHLHE40 Variants Are Associated with IL-12 and IL-10 Responses and Tuberculosis Risk.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
- Malnutrition leads to increased inflammation and expression of tuberculosis risk signatures in recently exposed household contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- BCG as a Case Study for Precision Vaccine Development: Lessons From Vaccine Heterogeneity, Trained Immunity, and Immune Ontogeny.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- Tuberculosis Vaccine Development: Progress in Clinical Evaluation.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2019Review
- MR1-Independent Activation of Human Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells by Mycobacteria.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2019Article
- Tuberculosis susceptibility and protection in children.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2019Review
- Age-related waning of immune responses to BCG in healthy children supports the need for a booster dose of BCG in TB endemic countries.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Contribution of APCs to mucosal-associated invariant T cell activation in infectious disease and cancer.Innate immunity · 2018Review
- New findings of Toll-like receptors involved in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.Pathogens and global health · 2017Review
- Rapid detection of functional gene polymorphisms of TLRs and IL-17 using high resolution melting analysis.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Whole Blood Profiling of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-Induced Trained Innate Immunity in Infants Identifies Epidermal Growth Factor, IL-6, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-AB/BB, and Natural Killer Cell Activation.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Transcriptional networks are associated with resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.PloS one · 2017Article
- Direct TLR-2 Costimulation Unmasks the Proinflammatory Potential of Neonatal CD4+ T Cells.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Article
- Article
- Gene expression and TB pathogenesis in rhesus macaques: TR4, CD40, CD40L, FAS (CD95), and TNF are host genetic markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells that are associated with severity of TB lesions.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2015Article
- Factors influencing innate immunity and vaccine responses in infancy.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Newborns and young infants are particularly susceptible to infections, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Further, immunogenicity of vaccines against tuberculosis and other infectious diseases appears suboptimal early in life compared with later in life. We hypothesized that developmental changes in innate immunity would underlie these observations. To determine the evolution of innate responses to mycobacteria early in life, whole blood or PBMC from newborns, as well as 10- and 36-wk-old infants, was incubated with viable Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin or TLR ligands. Innate cell expression of cytokines and maturation markers was assessed, as well as activation of the proinflammatory NF-κB- and MAPK-signaling pathways. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-induced production of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12p40 increased from the newborn period to 9 mo of age in monocytes but not in myeloid dendritic cells. No changes in production of anti-inflammatory IL-10 were observed. CD40 expression increased with age in both cell populations. Older infants displayed substantial activation of all three signal transduction molecules: degradation of NF-κB inhibitor IκBα and phosphorylation of MAPK Erk and p38 upon TLR1/2 triggering, compared with predominant activation of only one of any of these molecules in newborns. Maturation of innate proinflammatory responses during the first 9 mo of life may underlie more effective control of mycobacteria and other pathogens observed later in infancy and age-related differential induction of Th1 responses by vaccination.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.