ArticleChild's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery2014
Fingerprint changes in CSF composition associated with different aetiologies in human neonatal hydrocephalus: inflammatory cytokines.
Article in Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inflammatory Markers in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Patients with Hydrocephalus: A Systematic Literature Review.Disease markers · 2021Pooled it
- Genetic and molecular mechanisms of hydrocephalus.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Predictive factors associated with ventriculoperitoneal shunting after posterior fossa tumor surgery in children.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2019Article
- Necrotizing enterocolitis is associated with acute brain responses in preterm pigs.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2018Article
- Selective induction of IL-1β after a brief isoflurane anesthetic in children undergoing MRI examination.Journal of anesthesia · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeHydrocephalus (HC) has a multifactorial and complex picture of pathophysiology due to aetiology, age at and duration since onset. We have previously identified distinctions in markers of cell death associated with different aetiologies. Here, we examined cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from human HC neonates for cytokines to identify further distinguishing features of different aetiologies.
methodsCSF was collected during routine lumbar puncture or ventricular tap from neonates with hydrocephalus, or with no neurological condition (normal controls). Total protein, Fas receptor, Fas ligand, stem cell factor (SCF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured and compared between 8 unaffected and 28 HC neonatal CSF samples.
resultsTotal protein was significantly (P < 0.05) raised in late-onset hydrocephalus (LOH). Fas receptor was raised (P < 0.05) in post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) and spina bifida with hydrocephalus (SB/HC), but no difference in Fas ligand was found. SCF was raised (P < 0.05) in SB/HC. HGF was found in all HC and was increased (P < 0.01) in PHH. Increased VEGF was found in PHH (P < 0.01) and SB/HC (P < 0.05). Variable levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IGF-1 were found in all HC groups compared with none in normal.
conclusionsLOH was unusual with significantly raised total protein indicating an inflammatory state. Increased Fas receptor, VEGF, IGF-1 and HGF suggest anti-apoptotic and repair mechanism activation. By contrast, elevated TNF-α and IL-6 indicate inflammatory processes in these neonatal brains. Taken with our previous study, these data indicate that different pathophysiology, inflammation and repair are occurring in HC of different aetiologies and that additional treatment strategies may benefit these infants in addition to fluid diversion.
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