ArticleMolecular biology and evolution2014
Paralog re-emergence: a novel, historically contingent mechanism in the evolution of antimicrobial resistance.
Article in Molecular biology and evolution, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification and characterization of non-canonical azole antifungal resistance pathways inmBio · 2026Article
- CYP51C Y319H and H349R substitutions cannot confer azole resistance inMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Discovery of globally rare CYP51 mutations associated with azole resistance in Iranian Zymoseptoria tritici isolates.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Learning from fungicide resistance: Evolutionary insights to guide RNAi-based control of fungal crop pathogens.Fungal biology reviews · 2025Article
- Multiple routes to fungicide resistance: Interaction of Cyp51 gene sequences, copy number and expression.Molecular plant pathology · 2024Article
- Identification of Potent and Selective Inhibitors ofJournal of medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- Druggable Sterol Metabolizing Enzymes in Infectious Diseases: Cell Targets to Therapeutic Leads.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Trans-kingdom fungal pathogens infecting both plants and humans, and the problem of azole fungicide resistance.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Drug-ResistantPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- In Vitro Evaluation of Azoxystrobin, Boscalid, Fentin-Hydroxide, Propiconazole, Pyraclostrobin Fungicides againstMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Induced expression of Ganoderma boninense Lanosterol 14α-Demethylase (ERG11) during interaction with oil palm.Molecular biology reports · 2023Article
- The expression pattern, subcellular localization and function of three sterol 14α-demethylases inFrontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- Analysis of Cyp51 protein sequences shows 4 major Cyp51 gene family groups across fungi.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Article
- Evidence for the Role ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Characterization ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2021Article
- Non-Target Site Mechanisms of Fungicide Resistance in Crop Pathogens: A Review.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- A Cyp51B Mutation Contributes to Azole Resistance inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Point Mutations in the 14-α Sterol Demethylase Cyp51A or Cyp51C Could Contribute to Azole Resistance inGenes · 2020Article
- Recent insights into barley and Rhynchosporium commune interactions.Molecular plant pathology · 2020Review
- Pathogenomics and Management ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Evolution of resistance to drugs and pesticides poses a serious threat to human health and agricultural production. CYP51 encodes the target site of azole fungicides, widely used clinically and in agriculture. Azole resistance can evolve due to point mutations or overexpression of CYP51, and previous studies have shown that fungicide-resistant alleles have arisen by de novo mutation. Paralogs CYP51A and CYP51B are found in filamentous ascomycetes, but CYP51A has been lost from multiple lineages. Here, we show that in the barley pathogen Rhynchosporium commune, re-emergence of CYP51A constitutes a novel mechanism for the evolution of resistance to azoles. Pyrosequencing analysis of historical barley leaf samples from a unique long-term experiment from 1892 to 2008 indicates that the majority of the R. commune population lacked CYP51A until 1985, after which the frequency of CYP51A rapidly increased. Functional analysis demonstrates that CYP51A retains the same substrate as CYP51B, but with different transcriptional regulation. Phylogenetic analyses show that the origin of CYP51A far predates azole use, and newly sequenced Rhynchosporium genomes show CYP51A persisting in the R. commune lineage rather than being regained by horizontal gene transfer; therefore, CYP51A re-emergence provides an example of adaptation to novel compounds by selection from standing genetic variation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.