ArticlePloS one2014
Combination of liposomal CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 2006 and miltefosine induces strong cell-mediated immunity during experimental visceral leishmaniasis.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review of Host-Mediated Activity of Miltefosine in Leishmaniasis through Immunomodulation.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2019Pooled it
- Leishmaniasis: pathogenesis, host immunity, and the evolving landscape of immunotherapy and immunochemotherapy.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Plant-derived products as anti-leishmanials which target mitochondria: a review.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2025Review
- A new immunochemotherapy schedule for visceral leishmaniasis in a hamster model.Parasitology research · 2022Article
- Article
- The Effect of Different Immunization Cycles of a Recombinant Mucin1-Maltose-Binding Protein Vaccine on T Cell Responses to B16-MUC1 Melanoma in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- In vivo experiments demonstrate the potent antileishmanial efficacy of repurposed suramin in visceral leishmaniasis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
- CpG ODN D35 improves the response to abbreviated low-dose pentavalent antimonial treatment in non-human primate model of cutaneous leishmaniasis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
- Ammonium trichloro [1,2-ethanediolato-O,O']-tellurate cures experimental visceral leishmaniasis by redox modulation of Leishmania donovani trypanothione reductase and inhibiting host integrin linked PI3K/Akt pathway.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2018Article
- Carbonate Apatite Nanoparticles Act as Potent Vaccine Adjuvant Delivery Vehicles by Enhancing Cytokine Production Induced by Encapsulated Cytosine-Phosphate-Guanine Oligodeoxynucleotides.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Evaluation of Lsa46 and Lsa77 Leptospiral Proteins for Their Immunoprotective Activities in Hamster Model of Leptospirosis.BioMed research international · 2018Article
- Mahanine exerts in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activity by modulation of redox homeostasis.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Immunomodulatory nanoparticles ameliorate disease in the Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis mouse model.Biomaterials · 2016Article
- Leishmania donovani Utilize Sialic Acids for Binding and Phagocytosis in the Macrophages through Selective Utilization of Siglecs and Impair the Innate Immune Arm.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2016Article
- Differential Role of Leptin as an Immunomodulator in Controlling Visceral Leishmaniasis in Normal and Leptin-Deficient Mice.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2016Article
- 15d-Prostaglandin J2 induced reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis during experimental visceral leishmaniasis.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2016Article
- Optimization, Production, and Characterization of a CpG-Oligonucleotide-Ficoll Conjugate Nanoparticle Adjuvant for Enhanced Immunogenicity of Anthrax Protective Antigen.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2016Article
- A CpG-Ficoll Nanoparticle Adjuvant for Anthrax Protective Antigen Enhances Immunogenicity and Provides Single-Immunization Protection against Inhaled Anthrax in Monkeys.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Article
- Immucillins ImmA and ImmH Are Effective and Non-toxic in the Treatment of Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2015Article
- Ex vivo host and parasite response to antileishmanial drugs and immunomodulators.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immuno-modulators in combination with antileishmanial drug miltefosine is a better therapeutic approach for treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) as it not only reduces the dose of miltefosine but also shortens the treatment regimen. However, immunological mechanisms behind the perceived benefits of this combination therapy have not been investigated in detail. In the present study, we hypothesized that potential use of drugs that target the host in addition to the parasite might represent an alternative strategy for combination therapy. We investigated immune responses generated in Leishmania donovani infected animals (hamsters and mice) treated with combination of CpG-ODN-2006 and miltefosine at short dose regimen. Infected animals were administered CpG-ODN-2006 (0.4 mg/kg, single dose), as free and liposomal form, either alone or in combination with miltefosine for 5 consecutive days and parasite clearance was evaluated at day 4 and 7 post treatment. Animals that received liposomal CpG-ODN-2006 (lipo-CpG-ODN-2006) and sub-curative miltefosine (5 mg/kg) showed the best inhibition of parasite multiplication (∼97%) which was associated with a biased Th1 immune response in. Moreover, compared to all the other treated groups, we observed increased mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-12) and significantly suppressed levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β) on day 4 post treatment in animals that underwent combination therapy with lipo-CpG-ODN-2006 and sub-curative miltefosine. Additionally, same therapy also induced heightened iNOS mRNA levels and NO generation, increased IgG2 antibody level and strong T-cell response in these hamsters compared with all the other treated groups. Collectively, our results suggest that combination of lipo-CpG-ODN-2006 and sub-curative miltefosine generates protective T-cell response in an animal model of visceral leishmaniasis which is characterized by strong Th1 biased immune response thereby underlining our hypothesis that combination therapy, at short dose regimen can be used as a novel way of treating visceral leishmaniasis.
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