ReviewTrends in parasitology2014
Life and times: synthesis, trafficking, and evolution of VSG.
Review in Trends in parasitology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endoplasmic reticulum engagement of transcripts triggers VSG mRNA balancing in trypanosomes.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- You can go your own way: The targeting signals of trypanosomatid parasites.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Animal Trypanosomiasis: Challenges and Prospects for New Vaccination Strategies.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Characterization of the major surface glycoconjugates of Trypanosoma theileri.Molecular and biochemical parasitology · 2023Article
- A structural classification of the variant surface glycoproteins of the African trypanosome.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- How much (ATP) does it cost to build a trypanosome? A theoretical study on the quantity of ATP needed to maintain and duplicate a bloodstream-form Trypanosoma brucei cell.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Competition among variants is predictable and contributes to the antigenic variation dynamics of African trypanosomes.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- The role of invariant surface glycoprotein 75 in xenobiotic acquisition by African trypanosomes.Microbial cell (Graz, Austria) · 2023Article
- Structural similarities between the metacyclic and bloodstream form variant surface glycoproteins of the African trypanosome.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Advances in the preclinical characterization of the antimicrobial peptide AS-48.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- The endoplasmic reticulum of trypanosomatids: An unrevealed road for chemotherapy.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Article
- Structure of trypanosome coat protein VSGsur and function in suramin resistance.Nature microbiology · 2021Article
- Article
- VSG mRNA levels are regulated by the production of functional VSG protein.Molecular and biochemical parasitology · 2021Article
- To the Surface and Back: Exo- and Endocytic Pathways inFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Frequent Recombination Events inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Effect of Praziquantel onPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Trypanosoma brucei ATR Links DNA Damage Signaling during Antigenic Variation with Regulation of RNA Polymerase I-Transcribed Surface Antigens.Cell reports · 2020Article
- Proteome turnover in the bloodstream and procyclic forms ofWellcome open research · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Evasion of the acquired immune response in African trypanosomes is principally mediated by antigenic variation, the sequential expression of distinct variant surface glycoproteins (VSGs) at extremely high density on the cell surface. Sequence diversity between VSGs facilitates escape of a subpopulation of trypanosomes from antibody-mediated killing. Significant advances have increased understanding of the mechanisms underpinning synthesis and maintenance of the VSG coat. In this review, we discuss the biosynthesis, trafficking, and turnover of VSG, emphasising those unusual mechanisms that act to maintain coat integrity and to protect against immunological attack. We also highlight new findings that suggest the presence of unique or highly divergent proteins that may offer therapeutic opportunities, as well as considering aspects of VSG biology that remain to be fully explored.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.