ReviewAmerican journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)2014
HIV-1 vaginal transmission: cell-free or cell-associated virus?
Review in American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Impact of the Vaginal Microbiome and Microbial Metabolites on HIV Transmission at the Female Reproductive Tract Epithelial Barrier.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Critical Care Pharmacology of Antiretroviral Therapy in Adults.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2025Review
- Mucosal T-cell responses to chronic viral infections: Implications for vaccine design.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2024Review
- Broadly neutralizing antibodies consistently trap HIV-1 in fresh cervicovaginal mucus from select individuals.Acta biomaterialia · 2023Article
- Review
- The role of tunneling nanotubes during early stages of HIV infection and reactivation: implications in HIV cure.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2023Review
- Women for science and science for women: Gaps, challenges and opportunities towards optimizing pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-1 prevention.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Emergence of Nanotechnology to Fight HIV Sexual Transmission: The Trip of G2-S16 Polyanionic Carbosilane Dendrimer to Possible Pre-Clinical Trials.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- The cervicovaginal mucus barrier to HIV-1 is diminished in bacterial vaginosis.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Comparisons of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Variants in Blood and Genital Fluids near the Time of Male-to-Female Transmission.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Vehicles of intercellular communication: exosomes and HIV-1.The Journal of general virology · 2019Review
- Illuminating the Role of Vpr in HIV Infection of Myeloid Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Mucosa: Key Interactions Determining Sexual Transmission of the HIV Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Article
- Exogenous oestrogen inhibits genital transmission of cell-associated HIV-1 in DMPA-treated humanized mice.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2018Article
- Seminal plasma induces inflammation and enhances HIV-1 replication in human cervical tissue explants.PLoS pathogens · 2017Article
- Monocytes but Not Lymphocytes Carrying HIV-1 on Their Surface Transmit Infection to Human Tissue Ex Vivo.Journal of virology · 2016Article
- Vpu-Mediated Counteraction of Tetherin Is a Major Determinant of HIV-1 Interferon Resistance.mBio · 2016Article
- Chlamydia trachomatis Infection of Endocervical Epithelial Cells Enhances Early HIV Transmission Events.PloS one · 2016Article
- MIV-150/zinc acetate gel inhibits cell-associated simian-human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase infection in a macaque vaginal explant model.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The vast majority of new HIV infections in male-to-female transmission occurs through semen, where HIV-1 is present in two different forms: as free and as cell-associated virus. In the female lower genital tract, semen mixes with female genital secretions that contain various factors, some of which facilitate or inhibit HIV-1 transmission. Next, HIV-1 crosses the genital epithelia, reaches the regional lymph nodes, and disseminates through the female host. Cervico-vaginal mucosa contains multiple barriers, resulting in a low probability of vaginal transmission. However, in some cases, HIV-1 is able to break these barriers. Although the exact mechanisms of how these barriers function remain unclear, their levels of efficiency against cell-free and cell-associated HIV-1 are different, and both cell-free and cell-associated virions seem to use different strategies to overcome these barriers. Understanding the basic mechanisms of HIV-1 vaginal transmission is required for the development of new antiviral strategies to contain HIV-1 epidemics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.