ArticlePloS one2014
Continuous increase of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and non-HIV related cancers as causes of death in HIV-infected individuals in Brazil: an analysis of nationwide data.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Insulin Resistance and Markers of Inflammation in HIV-infected Ugandan Children in the CHAPAS-3 Trial.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Mortality trends for diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular disease among people living with and without HIV in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020-2022.HIV medicine · 2026Article
- COVID-19 mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS in Brazil: a multilevel analysis.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Article
- Changes in the Lipidome Are Associated With Immune Activation and Subclinical Vascular Disease in Youth With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Uganda.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Non-communicable disease care for persons living with HIV in Peru: A national physician cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Partial Recovery of Telomere Length After Long-term Virologic Suppression in Persons With HIV-1.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Persistent high mortality rates for Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension after excluding deaths associated with COVID-19 in Brazil, 2020-2022.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Survival and mortality profile among people living with HIV in a cohort in the Northeastern region of Brazil.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2024Article
- Handgrip Strength and Clinical Evolution of People Living with HIV: A Mini Narrative Review.Current HIV research · 2024Review
- Reasons, Efficacy and Safety of Switching to Dolutegravir-Based Regimens Among Virologically Suppressed PLWH: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 96 Weeks.Infection and drug resistance · 2024Article
- Glucose metabolism continuous deteriorating in male patients with human immunodeficiency virus accepted antiretroviral therapy for 156 weeks.World journal of diabetes · 2023Article
- Gradual increasing dyslipidemia in treatment-naive male patients with human immunodeficiency virus and treated with tenofovir plus lamivudine plus efavirenz for 3 years.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2021Article
- Cardiometabolic Complications in Youth With Perinatally Acquired HIV in the Era of Antiretroviral Therapy.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2021Review
- Endothelial Dysfunction in South African Youth Living With Perinatally Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Antiretroviral Therapy.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Monocyte activation and gut barrier dysfunction in South African youth on antiretroviral therapy and their associations with endothelial dysfunction.AIDS (London, England) · 2020Article
- Insulin resistance and intestinal integrity in children with and without HIV infection in Uganda.HIV medicine · 2020Article
- Hyperglycemia and Risk of All-cause Mortality Among People Living With HIV With and Without Tuberculosis Disease in Myanmar (2011-2017).Open forum infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Trends and predictors of non-communicable disease multimorbidity among adults living with HIV and receiving antiretroviral therapy in Brazil.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2019Article
- HIV-positive youth who are perinatally infected have impaired endothelial function.AIDS (London, England) · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionAfter antiretroviral therapy (ART) became available, there was a decline in the number of deaths in persons infected with HIV. Thereafter, there was a decrease in the proportion of deaths attributed to opportunistic infections and an increase in the proportion of deaths attributed to chronic comorbidities. Herein we extend previous observations from a nationwide survey on temporal trends in causes of death in HIV-infected patients in Brazil.
methodsWe describe temporal trends in causes of death among adults who had HIV/AIDS listed in the death certificate to those who did not. All death certificates issued in Brazil from 1999 to 2011 and listed in the national mortality database were included. Generalized linear mixed-effects logistic models were used to study temporal trends in proportions.
resultsIn the HIV-infected population, there was an annual adjusted average increase of 6.0%, 12.0%, 4.0% and 4.1% for cancer, external causes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM), respectively, compared to 3.0%, 4.0%, 1.0% and 3.9%, in the non-HIV group. For tuberculosis (TB), there was an adjusted average increase of 0.3%/year and a decrease of 3.0%/year in the HIV and the non-HIV groups, respectively. Compared to 1999, the odds ratio (OR) for cancer, external causes, CVD, DM, or TB in the HIV group were, respectively, 2.31, 4.17, 1.76, 2.27 and 1.02, while for the non-HIV group, the corresponding OR were 1.31, 1.63, 1.14, 1.62 and 0.67. Interactions between year as a continuous or categorical variable and HIV were significant (p<0.001) for all conditions, except for DM when year was considered as a continuous variable (p = 0.76).
conclusionsNon HIV-related co-morbidities continue to increase more rapidly as causes of death among HIV-infected individuals than in those without HIV infection, highlighting the need for targeting prevention measures and surveillance for chronic diseases among those patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.