ArticleBMC women's health2014
Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of premenstrual syndrome in a prospective cohort study.
Article in BMC women's health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Markers of vitamin D metabolism and premenstrual symptoms in healthy women with regular cycles.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2021Trial
- Mendelian randomization of risk factors for premenstrual disorders.Npj mental health research · 2026Article
- Comparison of serum level of some trace elements and vitamin D between patients with premenstrual syndrome and normal controls: A cross-sectional study.International journal of reproductive biomedicine · 2019Article
- A systematic review of the role of vitamin D and calcium in premenstrual syndrome.Obstetrics & gynecology science · 2019Review
- Comparison of serum zinc concentrations and body antioxidant status between young women with premenstrual syndrome and normal controls: A case-control study.International journal of reproductive biomedicine · 2016Article
- The relationship between serum vitamin D level and premenstrual syndrome in Iranian women.International journal of reproductive biomedicine · 2016Article
- The Association between the Risk of Premenstrual Syndrome and Vitamin D, Calcium, and Magnesium Status among University Students: A Case Control Study.Health promotion perspectives · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundModerate to severe premenstrual syndrome (PMS) affects 8-20 percent of premenopausal women. Previous studies suggest that high dietary vitamin D intake may reduce risk. However, vitamin D status is influenced by both dietary vitamin D intake and sunlight exposure and the association of vitamin D status with PMS remains unclear.
methodsWe assessed the relation of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), total calcium and parathyroid hormone levels with risk of PMS and specific menstrual symptoms in a case-control study nested within the prospective Nurses' Health Study II. Cases were 401 women free from PMS at baseline who developed PMS during follow-up (1991-2005). Controls were women not experiencing PMS (1991-2005), matched 1:1 with cases on age and other factors. Timed luteal phase blood samples were collected between 1996 and 1999 from cases and controls. We used conditional logistic regression to model the relation of 25OHD levels with risk of PMS and individual menstrual symptoms.
resultsIn analyses of all cases and controls, 25OHD levels were not associated with risk of PMS. However, results differed when the timing of blood collection vs. PMS diagnosis was considered. Among cases who had already been diagnosed with PMS at the time of blood collection (n = 279), 25OHD levels were positively associated with PMS, with each 10 nmol/L change in 25OHD associated with a 13% higher risk. Among cases who developed PMS after blood collection (n = 123), 25OHD levels were unrelated to risk of PMS overall, but inversely related to risk of specific menstrual symptoms. For example, each 10 nmol/L increase was associated with a significant 21% lower risk of breast tenderness (P = 0.02). Total calcium or parathyroid hormone levels were unrelated to PMS.
conclusions25OHD levels were not associated with overall risk of PMS. The positive association observed among women already experiencing PMS at the time of 25OHD measurement is likely due to confounding by indication related to use of dietary supplements to treat menstrual symptoms. Results from prospective analyses, which were less likely influenced by this bias, suggest that higher 25OHD levels may be inversely related to the development of specific menstrual symptoms.
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