ArticleCell2014
Identification, characterization, and natural selection of mutations driving airborne transmission of A/H5N1 virus.
Article in Cell, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 210 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
210 citing papers in PubMed.
- Induction of Cross-Clade Antibody and T-Cell Responses by a Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara-Based Influenza A(H5N1) Vaccine in a Randomized Phase 1/2a Clinical Trial.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2018Trial
- HA thermostability mutations S84F, G167N, and D168N potentiate H9N2 virus transmission in a warming environment.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- In silico analysis of pH stabilising mutations of hemagglutinin of influenza A virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b.Npj viruses · 2026Review
- Standing HA phenotypic breadth shapes H5N1 cross-host potential.Research square · 2026Article
- New determinant of influenza hemagglutinin cleavability identified through random mutagenesis for acid-stabilizing mutations.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Hemagglutinin double-mutation enhances binding of human-infecting avian influenza virus clade 2.3.4.4b H5Ny to human and SLeEMBO reports · 2026Article
- Hemagglutinin E190D substitution in clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) influenza virus reduces receptor binding and viral fitness.Npj viruses · 2026Article
- Identification of thermostability-enhancing mutations in H9N2 avian influenza virus hemagglutinin.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Investigation and impact of mammalian adaptation markers on H5N8 high pathogenicity avian influenza polymerase activity.Npj viruses · 2026Article
- Review
- Influenza hemagglutinin subtypes have different sequence constraints despite sharing extremely similar structures.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Polymerase trapping as the mechanism of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus genesis.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Global evolution dynamics of genotype VI NDVs and dissection of the biological properties of strains from the prevalent sub-genotypes.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Genetic characterization of a novel triple-reassortant influenza A (H1N2) virus from pigs, China, 2021.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- A pandemic toolbox for clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) influenza virus risk assessment.The Lancet. Microbe · 2026Article
- Intra-patient neuraminidase mutations in avian H5N1 influenza virus reduce sialidase activity to complement weaker hemagglutinin binding and facilitate human infection.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Evolution, spread and impact of highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza A viruses.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- PB1 mutations as key drivers of influenza A virus evolution.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1e lineage transition in Lao PDR during 2023-2024 associated with regional spread and human infection risk-associated receptor-binding features.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Influenza hemagglutinin subtypes have different sequence constraints despite sharing extremely similar structures.Virus evolution · 2026Article
150 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Recently, A/H5N1 influenza viruses were shown to acquire airborne transmissibility between ferrets upon targeted mutagenesis and virus passage. The critical genetic changes in airborne A/Indonesia/5/05 were not yet identified. Here, five substitutions proved to be sufficient to determine this airborne transmission phenotype. Substitutions in PB1 and PB2 collectively caused enhanced transcription and virus replication. One substitution increased HA thermostability and lowered the pH of membrane fusion. Two substitutions independently changed HA binding preference from α2,3-linked to α2,6-linked sialic acid receptors. The loss of a glycosylation site in HA enhanced overall binding to receptors. The acquired substitutions emerged early during ferret passage as minor variants and became dominant rapidly. Identification of substitutions that are essential for airborne transmission of avian influenza viruses between ferrets and their associated phenotypes advances our fundamental understanding of virus transmission and will increase the value of future surveillance programs and public health risk assessments.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.