ReviewBioMed research international2014
Therapeutic implications of estrogen for cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia induced by aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Review in BioMed research international, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative Outcomes of Combined Balloon Angioplasty and Intra-arterial Calcium Channel Blockers Versus Monotherapy for Cerebral Vasospasm Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Translational stroke research · 2025Pooled it
- Targeting the P2X7 receptor in cerebrovascular diseases: from molecular mechanisms to preclinical therapeutic potential.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Necrostatin-1 decreases necroptosis and inflammatory markers after intraventricular hemorrhage in mice.Neural regeneration research · 2022Article
- The blood-brain barrier and the neurovascular unit in subarachnoid hemorrhage: molecular events and potential treatments.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2022Review
- PTEN and AKT/GSK-3β/CRMP-2 signaling pathway are involved in neuronal apoptosis and axonal injury in early brain injury after SAH in rats.Genes & diseases · 2022Article
- Aquaporin 4 Depolarization-Enhanced Transferrin Infiltration Leads to Neuronal Ferroptosis after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Article
- Concentrations of estradiol, progesterone and testosterone in sefrum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage correlate weakly with transcranial Doppler flow velocities.BMC neuroscience · 2021Article
- The Involvement of Aquaporin-4 in the Interstitial Fluid Drainage Impairment Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2020Article
- Article
- Melatonin attenuates early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage by the JAK-STAT signaling pathway.International journal of clinical and experimental pathology · 2019Article
- Anti-inflammatory Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicines on PreclinicalFrontiers in pharmacology · 2019Review
- The role of inflammation and potential use of sex steroids in intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage.Surgical neurology international · 2018Review
- Cooperation of Genomic and Rapid Nongenomic Actions of Estrogens in Synaptic Plasticity.Molecular neurobiology · 2017Review
- Estrogen Modulates ubc9 Expression and Synaptic Redistribution in the Brain of APP/PS1 Mice and Cortical Neurons.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2017Article
- Baicalin Attenuates Subarachnoid Hemorrhagic Brain Injury by Modulating Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption, Inflammation, and Oxidative Damage in Mice.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2017Article
- Neuroglobin, a Factor Playing for Nerve Cell Survival.International journal of molecular sciences · 2016Review
- The Role of Nitric Oxide and Sympathetic Control in Cerebral Autoregulation in the Setting of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Traumatic Brain Injury.Molecular neurobiology · 2016Review
- Sex Differences in the Formation of Intracranial Aneurysms and Incidence and Outcome of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Review of Experimental and Human Studies.Translational stroke research · 2016Review
- Endovascular Management of Intracranial Aneurysms: Advances in Stenting Techniques and Technology.Journal of cerebrovascular and endovascular neurosurgery · 2015Article
- Circulating concentrations of endothelin-1 predict coronary heart disease in women but not in men: a longitudinal observational study in the Vara-Skövde Cohort.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2015Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cerebral vasospasm (CV) remains the leading cause of delayed morbidity and mortality following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, increasing evidence supports etiologies of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) other than CV. Estrogen, specifically 17 β -estradiol (E2), has potential therapeutic implications for ameliorating the delayed neurological deterioration which follows aneurysmal SAH. We review the causes of CV and DCI and examine the evidence for E2-mediated vasodilation and neuroprotection. E2 potentiates vasodilation by activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), preventing increased inducible NOS (iNOS) activity caused by SAH, and decreasing endothelin-1 production. E2 provides neuroprotection by increasing thioredoxin expression, decreasing c-Jun N-terminal kinase activity, increasing neuroglobin levels, preventing SAH-induced suppression of the Akt signaling pathway, and upregulating the expression of adenosine A2a receptor. The net effect of E2 modulation of these various effectors is the promotion of neuronal survival, inhibition of apoptosis, and decreased oxidative damage and inflammation. E2 is a potentially potent therapeutic tool for improving outcomes related to post-SAH CV and DCI. However, clinical evidence supporting its benefits remains lacking. Given the promising preclinical data available, further studies utilizing E2 for the treatment of patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms appear warranted.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.