Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24723570›Full record

ArticleBriefings in bioinformatics2015

Toward more realistic drug-target interaction predictions.

Tapio Pahikkala, Antti Airola, Sami Pietilä, Sushil Shakyawar, Agnieszka Szwajda, Jing Tang, Tero Aittokallio

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Briefings in bioinformatics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 224 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
224citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
20.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

224 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 543 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. GSF-DTA: An Innovative Graph-Sequence Fusion Framework for Drug-Target Affinity Prediction.Interdisciplinary sciences, computational life sciences · 2026
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  10. Review
  11. Review
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  13. DTANet+: Dual Interaction and Kernel-Diverse Network for Drug-Target Affinity Prediction.Interdisciplinary sciences, computational life sciences · 2026
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

164 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Tapio Pahikkala
Antti Airola
Sami Pietilä
Sushil Shakyawar
Agnieszka Szwajda
Jing Tang
Tero Aittokallio
University of Turku · FI

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A number of supervised machine learning models have recently been introduced for the prediction of drug-target interactions based on chemical structure and genomic sequence information. Although these models could offer improved means for many network pharmacology applications, such as repositioning of drugs for new therapeutic uses, the prediction models are often being constructed and evaluated under overly simplified settings that do not reflect the real-life problem in practical applications. Using quantitative drug-target bioactivity assays for kinase inhibitors, as well as a popular benchmarking data set of binary drug-target interactions for enzyme, ion channel, nuclear receptor and G protein-coupled receptor targets, we illustrate here the effects of four factors that may lead to dramatic differences in the prediction results: (i) problem formulation (standard binary classification or more realistic regression formulation), (ii) evaluation data set (drug and target families in the application use case), (iii) evaluation procedure (simple or nested cross-validation) and (iv) experimental setting (whether training and test sets share common drugs and targets, only drugs or targets or neither). Each of these factors should be taken into consideration to avoid reporting overoptimistic drug-target interaction prediction results. We also suggest guidelines on how to make the supervised drug-target interaction prediction studies more realistic in terms of such model formulations and evaluation setups that better address the inherent complexity of the prediction task in the practical applications, as well as novel benchmarking data sets that capture the continuous nature of the drug-target interactions for kinase inhibitors.

Indexed as

Computational BiologyDatabases, PharmaceuticalDrug DiscoveryHumansModels, BiologicalModels, StatisticalQuantitative Structure-Activity RelationshipSupervised Machine Learningdrug–target interactionkinase bioactivity assaysnested cross-validationpredictive modelingsupervised machine learning

Identifiers

PMID24723570
PMCPMC4364066
OpenAlexW2109991441

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.