ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2014
Diversity in guanosine 3',5'-bisdiphosphate (ppGpp) sensitivity among guanylate kinases of bacteria and plants.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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20 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Modular Nucleoside Kinase Cascade for the Synthesis of Ribonucleoside Triphosphates.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2026Article
- Structural and mechanistic basis for the regulation of the chloroplast signal recognition particle by (p)ppGpp.FEBS letters · 2025Article
- Three Arabidopsis UMP kinases have different roles in pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis and (deoxy)CMP salvage.The Plant cell · 2024Article
- Inactivation of guanylate kinase inHeliyon · 2024Article
- Environmental purines decrease Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation by disrupting c-di-GMP metabolism.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Bacterial Pathogen Infection Triggers Magic Spot Nucleotide Signaling inJournal of the American Chemical Society · 2023Article
- New perspectives on the molecular mechanisms of stress signalling by the nucleotide guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp), an emerging regulator of photosynthesis in plants and algae.The New phytologist · 2023Review
- Pleiotropic effects of PipX, PipY, or RelQ overexpression on growth, cell size, photosynthesis, and polyphosphate accumulation in the cyanobacteriumFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Recent functional insights into the magic role of (p)ppGpp in growth control.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2023Review
- Article
- ppGpp influences protein protection, growth and photosynthesis in Phaeodactylum tricornutum.The New phytologist · 2021Article
- (p)ppGpp: Magic Modulators of Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Nucleotide Metabolism in Plants.Plant physiology · 2020Article
- Review
- The Atypical Guanylate Kinase MoGuk2 Plays Important Roles in Asexual/Sexual Development, Conidial Septation, and Pathogenicity in the Rice Blast Fungus.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- The stringent response regulates adaptation to darkness in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2016Article
- An Ancient Bacterial Signaling Pathway Regulates Chloroplast Function to Influence Growth and Development in Arabidopsis.The Plant cell · 2016Article
- Recent functional insights into the role of (p)ppGpp in bacterial physiology.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2015Review
- Molecular mechanism and evolution of guanylate kinase regulation by (p)ppGpp.Molecular cell · 2015Article
- Establishment of the chloroplast genetic system in rice during early leaf development and at low temperatures.Frontiers in plant science · 2014Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The guanosine 3',5'-bisdiphosphate (ppGpp) signaling system is shared by bacteria and plant chloroplasts, but its role in plants has remained unclear. Here we show that guanylate kinase (GK), a key enzyme in guanine nucleotide biosynthesis that catalyzes the conversion of GMP to GDP, is a target of regulation by ppGpp in chloroplasts of rice, pea, and Arabidopsis. Plants have two distinct types of GK that are localized to organelles (GKpm) or to the cytosol (GKc), with both enzymes being essential for growth and development. We found that the activity of rice GKpm in vitro was inhibited by ppGpp with a Ki of 2.8 μM relative to the substrate GMP, whereas the Km of this enzyme for GMP was 73 μM. The IC50 of ppGpp for GKpm was ∼10 μM. In contrast, the activity of rice GKc was insensitive to ppGpp, as was that of GK from bakers' yeast, which is also a cytosolic enzyme. These observations suggest that ppGpp plays a pivotal role in the regulation of GTP biosynthesis in chloroplasts through specific inhibition of GKpm activity, with the regulation of GTP biosynthesis in chloroplasts thus being independent of that in the cytosol. We also found that GKs of Escherichia coli and Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 are insensitive to ppGpp, in contrast to the ppGpp sensitivity of the Bacillus subtilis enzyme. Our biochemical characterization of GK enzymes has thus revealed a novel target of ppGpp in chloroplasts and has uncovered diversity among bacterial GKs with regard to regulation by ppGpp.
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