Trial reportJPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition2015
Intensive nutrition in acute lung injury: a clinical trial (INTACT).
Trial report in JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 60 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Intensive Nutrition in ARDS: A Clinical Trail (INTACT)
Early Versus Delayed Parenteral Nutrition in Abdominal Surgical Patients With Nutritional Risk and Initial Enteral Nutrition Intolerance: A Clinical Randomized Trial
Gradual Versus Immediate Goal-dose Enteral Nutrition in Abdominal Surgery Patients: A Clinical Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- High-protein supplementation in critically ill patients: a systematic review, meta-analysis and umbrella review of existing evidence.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of higher versus lower protein intake in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Representation of Hispanic Patients in Clinical Trials for Respiratory Failure: A Systematic Review.Critical care explorations · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of Energy and Protein Delivery to Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease-related malnutrition in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Impact of differences in acute respiratory distress syndrome randomised controlled trial inclusion and exclusion criteria: systematic review and meta-analysis.British journal of anaesthesia · 2021Pooled it
- Early enteral nutrition (within 48 hours) versus delayed enteral nutrition (after 48 hours) with or without supplemental parenteral nutrition in critically ill adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Nutrition support in hospitalised adults at nutritional risk.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Lower versus higher dose of enteral caloric intake in adult critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2016Pooled it
- Effect of initial calorie intake via enteral nutrition in critical illness: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Critical care (London, England) · 2015Pooled it
- Association between protein dose in the early and late acute phases of critical illness and time-to-discharge-alive: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition · 2026Trial
- Impact of withholding early parenteral nutrition on 2-year mortality and functional outcome in critically ill adults.Intensive care medicine · 2024Trial
- Impact of MnSOD and GPx1 Genotype at Different Levels of Enteral Nutrition Exposure on Oxidative Stress and Mortality: A Post hoc Analysis From the FeDOx Trial.JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition · 2021Trial
- Real-Time Energy Exposure Is Associated With Increased Oxidative Stress Among Feeding-Tolerant Critically Ill Patients: Results From the FEDOX Trial.JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition · 2020Trial
- A randomized controlled pilot study to evaluate the effect of an enteral formulation designed to improve gastrointestinal tolerance in the critically ill patient-the SPIRIT trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2017Trial
- Role of timing and dose of energy received in patients with acute lung injury on mortality in the Intensive Nutrition in Acute Lung Injury Trial (INTACT): a post hoc analysis.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2017Trial
- Non-pharmacological post-intensive care interventions to improve patient outcome following critical illness: a scoping review.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Review
- Quantity of Caloric Support After Pediatric Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Description of Associated Outcomes in a Single Retrospective Center Cohort, 2010-2022.Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies · 2025Article
- Autophagy and autophagic cell death in sepsis: friend or foe?Journal of intensive care · 2024Review
- Nutrition in the intensive care unit: from the acute phase to beyond.Intensive care medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite extensive use of enteral (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN) in intensive care unit (ICU) populations for 4 decades, evidence to support their efficacy is extremely limited.
methodsA prospective randomized trial was conducted evaluate the impact on outcomes of intensive medical nutrition therapy (IMNT; provision of >75% of estimated energy and protein needs per day via EN and adequate oral diet) from diagnosis of acute lung injury (ALI) to hospital discharge compared with standard nutrition support care (SNSC; standard EN and ad lib feeding). The primary outcome was infections; secondary outcomes included number of days on mechanical ventilation, in the ICU, and in the hospital and mortality.
resultsOverall, 78 patients (40 IMNT and 38 SNSC) were recruited. No significant differences between groups for age, body mass index, disease severity, white blood cell count, glucose, C-reactive protein, energy or protein needs occurred. The IMNT group received significantly higher percentage of estimated energy (84.7% vs 55.4%, P < .0001) and protein needs (76.1 vs 54.4%, P < .0001) per day compared with SNSC. No differences occurred in length of mechanical ventilation, hospital or ICU stay, or infections. The trial was stopped early because of significantly greater hospital mortality in IMNT vs SNSC (40% vs 16%, P = .02). Cox proportional hazards models indicated the hazard of death in the IMNT group was 5.67 times higher (P = .001) than in the SNSC group.
conclusionsProvision of IMNT from ALI diagnosis to hospital discharge increases mortality.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.