ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2014
Pharmacologic alternatives to riboflavin photochemical corneal cross-linking: a comparison study of cell toxicity thresholds.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biomechanical changes of tree shrew posterior sclera during experimental myopia, after retrobulbar vehicle injections, and crosslinking using genipin.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Scleral growth stunting via sub-Tenon injection of cross-linking solutions in live rabbits.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Recent advances in medicinal compounds related to corneal crosslinking.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Scleral crosslinking using genipin can compromise retinal structure and function in tree shrews.Experimental eye research · 2022Article
- Glyceraldehyde as an Efficient Chemical Crosslinker Agent for the Formation of Chitosan Hydrogels.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Efficacy and safety of scleral crosslinking using poly(ethylene glycol)ether tetrasuccinimidyl glutarate for form-deprivation myopia progression in rabbits.RSC advances · 2021Article
- Comparison of modified corneal cross-linking with intrastromal voriconazole for the treatment of fungal corneal ulcer.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Article
- Effect of Scleral Crosslinking Using Multiple Doses of Genipin on Experimental Progressive Myopia in Tree Shrews.Translational vision science & technology · 2021Article
- Biomechanics of Ophthalmic Crosslinking.Translational vision science & technology · 2021Review
- Roles of Nitrocompounds in Inhibition of Foodborne Bacteria, Parasites, and Methane Production in Economic Animals.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Review
- Assessment of Visual and Retinal Function Following In Vivo Genipin-Induced Scleral Crosslinking.Translational vision science & technology · 2020Article
- Evaluation of nitro compounds as feed additives in diets of Eimeria-challenged broilers in vitro and in vivo.Poultry science · 2020Article
- Safety Considerations in 3D Bioprinting Using Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Review
- Topical therapeutic corneal and scleral tissue cross-linking solutions:Bioscience reports · 2019Article
- Experimental myopia increases and scleral crosslinking using genipin inhibits cyclic softening in the tree shrew sclera.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2018Article
- Preparation of TPP-crosslinked chitosan microparticles by spray drying for the controlled delivery of progesterone intended for estrus synchronization in cattle.Pharmaceutical research · 2018Article
- The comparative safety of genipin versus UVA-riboflavin crosslinking of rabbit corneas.Molecular vision · 2017Article
- Cosmetic preservatives as therapeutic corneal and scleral tissue cross-linking agents.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2015Article
- Effect of Glyceraldehyde Cross-Linking on a Rabbit Bullous Keratopathy Model.Journal of ophthalmology · 2015Article
- Tissue Engineering of Ureteral Grafts: Preparation of Biocompatible Crosslinked Ureteral Scaffolds of Porcine Origin.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe efficacy of therapeutic cross-linking of the cornea using riboflavin photochemistry (commonly abbreviated as CXL) has caused its use to become widespread. Because there are known chemical agents that cross-link collagenous tissues, it may be possible to cross-link tissue pharmacologically. The present study was undertaken to compare the cell toxicity of such agents.
methodsNine topical cross-linking agents (five nitroalcohols, glyceraldehyde [GLYC], genipin [GP], paraformaldehyde [FA], and glutaraldehyde [GLUT]) were tested with four different cell lines (immortalized human corneal epithelial cells, human skin fibroblasts, primary bovine corneal endothelial cells, and immortalized human retinal pigment epithelial cells [ARPE-19]). The cells were grown in planar culture and exposed to each agent in a range of concentrations (0.001 mM to 10 mM) for 24 hours followed by a 48-hour recovery phase. Toxicity thresholds were determined by using the trypan blue exclusion method.
resultsA semiquantitative analysis using five categories of toxicity/fixation was carried out, based on plate attachment, uptake of trypan blue stain, and cellular fixation. The toxicity levels varied by a factor of 10(3) with the least toxic being mononitroalcohols and GLYC, intermediate toxicity for a nitrodiol and nitrotriol, and the most toxic being GLUT, FA, GP, and bronopol, a brominated nitrodiol. When comparing toxicity between different cell lines, the levels were generally in agreement.
conclusionsThere are significant differences in cell toxicity among potential topical cross-linking compounds. The balance between cross-linking of tissue and cell toxicity should be borne in mind as compounds and strategies to improve mechanical tissue properties through therapeutic tissue cross-linking continue to develop.
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