ArticleClinical pharmacology and therapeutics2014
Geneva cocktail for cytochrome p450 and P-glycoprotein activity assessment using dried blood spots.
Article in Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 75 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Cocktail Phenotypic Approach to Explore Antidepressant Pharmacokinetic Variability: a Pilot Study
A Prospective Feasibility Study Investigating PhEnoconversion of CYP3A4, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 Genotype in Paediatric and Adolescent and Young Adult patientS With an acUte diagnosiS of Hodgkin or Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Collecting Metabolite Pharmacokinetics in Drug-Drug Interaction Studies: A Review of Industry Practices and Data Utilization.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2026Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Classification of the Effects of P-glycoprotein Inhibitors and Inducers in Humans, Using Digoxin, Fexofenadine, and Dabigatran as Probe Drugs.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2025Pooled it
- Complex Drug-Drug-Gene-Disease Interactions Involving Cytochromes P450: Systematic Review of Published Case Reports and Clinical Perspectives.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2018Pooled it
- Evaluation of a pantoprazole and 4-desmethylpantoprazole-sulfate metabolic ratio as a novel CYP2C19 phenotyping method.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Trial
- A Phenotyping Tool for Seven Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and Two Transporters: Application to Examine the Effects of Clopidogrel and Gemfibrozil.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Trial
- Identification of the caffeine to trimethyluric acid ratio as a dietary biomarker to characterise variability in cytochrome P450 3A activity.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2019Trial
- Exploring venlafaxine pharmacokinetic variability with a phenotyping approach, a multicentric french-swiss study (MARVEL study).BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2017Trial
- Effects of Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and Induction on the Phenotyping Metrics of the Basel Cocktail: A Randomized Crossover Study.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2016Trial
- Clinical Characterization of Enzyme and Transporter Precipitants to Evaluate Drug-Drug Interactions for Orforglipron, a Small Molecule Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Role of cytochrome phenotyping in patients with chronic noncancer pain with inadequate response to tramadol.Pain reports · 2026Article
- A liquid biopsy-RNAseq method for monitoring the expression of genes involved in drug disposition: Proof-of-concept application to cholestatic liver disease.Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis · 2026Article
- An Evaluation of the Drug Interaction Potential of Encorafenib in Combination With Binimetinib Using the Inje Cocktail in Patients With Cancer.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Feasibility of dried blood spot collection for caffeine pharmacokinetic studies in microgravity: Insights from parabolic flight campaigns.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Precision Dosing of Janus Kinase Inhibitors: Protocol for a Prospective Observational Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Phenoconversion of CYP3A4, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 in Pediatrics, Adolescents and Young Adults With Lymphoma: Rationale and Design of the PEGASUS Study.Clinical and translational science · 2025Article
- Building Confidence in Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of CYP3A Induction Mediated by Rifampin: An Industry Perspective.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Review
- Case Report: Scurvy-a modifiable cause of psychiatric refractoriness and lithium pharmacokinetic abnormalities in autism.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Improving CYP2C19 phenotyping using stereoselective omeprazole and 5-hydroxy-omeprazole metabolic ratios.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2024Article
- Metabolite Measurement in Index Substrate Drug Interaction Studies: A Review of the Literature and Recent New Drug Application Reviews.Metabolites · 2024Review
- St. John's wort extract with a high hyperforin content does not induce P-glycoprotein activity at the human blood-brain barrier.Clinical and translational science · 2024Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The suitability of the capillary dried blood spot (DBS) sampling method was assessed for simultaneous phenotyping of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) using a cocktail approach. Ten volunteers received an oral cocktail capsule containing low doses of the probes bupropion (CYP2B6), flurbiprofen (CYP2C9), omeprazole (CYP2C19), dextromethorphan (CYP2D6), midazolam (CYP3A), and fexofenadine (P-gp) with coffee/Coke (CYP1A2) on four occasions. They received the cocktail alone (session 1), and with the CYP inhibitors fluvoxamine and voriconazole (session 2) and quinidine (session 3). In session 4, subjects received the cocktail after a 7-day pretreatment with the inducer rifampicin. The concentrations of probes/metabolites were determined in DBS and plasma using a single liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. The pharmacokinetic profiles of the drugs were comparable in DBS and plasma. Important modulation of CYP and P-gp activities was observed in the presence of inhibitors and the inducer. Minimally invasive one- and three-point (at 2, 3, and 6 h) DBS-sampling methods were found to reliably reflect CYP and P-gp activities at each session.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.