ArticleCell host & microbe2014
Cellular DDX21 RNA helicase inhibits influenza A virus replication but is counteracted by the viral NS1 protein.
Article in Cell host & microbe, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Foot-and-mouth disease virus 3C protease as virulence determinant plays multiple roles in cleaving viral polyprotein and host factors.Virulence · 2026Review
- Identification of marginal zone B cells in head and neck cancer with immunomodulatory characteristics.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Host-specific functional evolution of seal influenza A virus NS1 protein following avian-to-seal transmission.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- At the crossroads of immunity and hijacking: dual roles of DDX proteins during host-virus interactions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- 3A and 2B proteins of SVA play chess game with host restriction factor DDX23 by apoptotic pathway.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- The tegument protein VP22 of pseudorabies virus inhibits cGAS condensation by inducing nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation of DDX21.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Role of DEAD/DEAH-box helicases in immunity, infection and cancers.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- Established and Emerging Roles of DEAD/H-Box Helicases in Regulating Infection and Immunity.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Regulation of viral replication by host restriction factors.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- DDX21 at the Nexus of RNA Metabolism, Cancer Oncogenesis, and Host-Virus Crosstalk: Decoding Its Biomarker Potential and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Antiviral Effects of Avian Interferon-Stimulated Genes.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- The mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 is involved in down-regulation of influenza A virus replication.Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
- Triggering Degradation of Host Cellular Proteins for Robust Propagation of Influenza Viruses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Influenza Virus Host Restriction Factors: The ISGs and Non-ISGs.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Unveiling the role of host kinases at different steps of influenza A virus life cycle.Journal of virology · 2024Review
- DEAD-box RNA helicase 21 interacts with porcine circovirus type 2 Cap protein and facilitates viral replication.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Antiviral responses versus virus-induced cellular shutoff: a game of thrones between influenza A virus NS1 and SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Nucleolus activity-dependent recruitment and biomolecular condensation by pH sensing.Molecular cell · 2023Article
- Creating resistance to avian influenza infection through genome editing of the ANP32 gene family.Nature communications · 2023Article
- ZebrafishJournal of virology · 2023Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Influenza A virus RNA synthesis is catalyzed by the viral polymerase comprised of the PA, PB1, and PB2 proteins. We show that the host DDX21 RNA helicase restricts influenza A virus by binding PB1 and inhibiting polymerase assembly, resulting in reduced viral RNA and protein synthesis. Later during infection, the viral NS1 protein overcomes this restriction by binding to DDX21 and displacing PB1. DDX21 binds to a region of the NS1 N-terminal domain that also participates in other critical functions. A virus mutant whose NS1 protein is unable to bind DDX21 exhibits reduced viral protein synthesis at both late and early times of infection, a phenotype converted to wild-type upon DDX21 knockdown. As sequential interaction of PB1 and NS1 with DDX21 leads to temporal regulation of viral gene expression, influenza A virus likely uses the DDX21-NS1 interaction not only to overcome restriction, but also to regulate the viral life cycle.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.