ArticleInternational journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience2014
Litter and sex effects on maternal behavior and DNA methylation of the Nr3c1 exon 17 promoter gene in hippocampus and cerebellum.
Article in International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of the Social Environment and Stress on Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene Methylation: A Systematic Review.Biological psychiatry · 2016Pooled it
- Of mice and gender: considering gender norms in rodent models.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- How can early life adversity still exert an effect decades later? A question of timing, tissues and mechanisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Exposure to elevated embryonic kynurenine in rats: Sex-dependent learning and memory impairments in adult offspring.Neurobiology of learning and memory · 2020Article
- Effect of Early Life Stress on the Epigenetic Profiles in Depression.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Review
- DNA Methyltransferases in Depression: An Update.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Review
- Repression of the Glucocorticoid Receptor Increases Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in the Male Neonatal Rat.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- Glucocorticoid receptor alpha translational isoforms as mediators of early adversities and negative emotional states.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2019Article
- Prenatal Exposure to Methamphetamine: Up-Regulation of Brain Receptor Genes.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Article
- Sexual differentiation of contextual fear responses.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2018Article
- Dynamic stress-related epigenetic regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene promoter during early development: The role of child maltreatment.Development and psychopathology · 2017Article
- Epigenetic Advances in Behavioral and Brain Sciences have Relevance for Public Policy.Policy insights from the behavioral and brain sciences · 2017Article
- Childhood adversity and epigenetic regulation of glucocorticoid signaling genes: Associations in children and adults.Development and psychopathology · 2016Review
- Developmental stress elicits preference for methamphetamine in the spontaneously hypertensive rat model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Behavioral and brain functions : BBF · 2016Article
- Social stress during lactation, depressed maternal care, and neuropeptidergic gene expression.Behavioural pharmacology · 2015Article
- Methylation of the Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene Promoter in Preschoolers: Links With Internalizing Behavior Problems.Child developmentArticle
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2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Early life events can alter gene expression through DNA methylation. The methylation status of the exon 17 promoter of the glucocorticoid receptor (Nr3c1 gene) in hippocampus associates with frequency of pup licking. Much of this work was conducted with male rats. Because dams more frequently lick male pups, this may contribute to sex differences in phenotypes through DNA methylation. Modifying litter gender composition (LGC), in which offspring of single-sex litters are compared to mixed-sex litters, alters maternal behavior. Previously, we demonstrated that LGC and sex affected pup licking times as well as anxiety and hippocampal DNA methylation of the Nr3c1 exon 17 promoter gene in adolescence. Now, we expand upon this work by examining effects in cerebellum and measuring mRNA levels. We also re-assessed DNA methylation in hippocampus using pyrosequencing and re-analyzed pup licking with the more commonly used frequency measure. Litters, culled to 8 pups on postnatal day 1 (PN1), were assigned to one of three conditions: all male (n = 10), all female (n = 12), or half of each sex (n = 20). Licking was rated on PN4, 7, and 10. On PN35, hippocampal and cerebellar samples were obtained. Single-sex males were licked the least and mixed-sex males, the most. Hippocampal Nr3c1 mRNA levels were lowest in mixed females with no LGC or Sex effects in DNA methylation. Cerebellar DNA methylation levels were lowest in mixed males with no effect on mRNA levels. Maternal pup licking associated with DNA methylation of the Nr3c1 exon 17 promoter gene in cerebellum and with hippocampal mRNA.
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