Trial reportJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2014
Inhibition of Langerhans cell maturation by human papillomavirus type 16: a novel role for the annexin A2 heterotetramer in immune suppression.
Trial report in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Density of Langerhans Cells in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers: A Systematic Review.Mediators of inflammation · 2020Pooled it
- Advances in Photodynamic Treatment of Precancerous and Cancerous Gynecological Diseases.Cancers · 2025Review
- Cell-Free Expression of HPV16 Minor Capsid Protein L2 and Its Interaction with S100A10.Protein and peptide letters · 2025Article
- Review
- Review
- TIME Is Ticking for Cervical Cancer.Biology · 2023Review
- HPV16 Entry into Epithelial Cells: Running a Gauntlet.Viruses · 2021Review
- ANXA2 Facilitates Enterovirus 71 Infection by Interacting with 3D Polymerase and PI4KB to Assist the Assembly of Replication Organelles.Virologica Sinica · 2021Article
- Article
- Theta-Defensins Inhibit High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection Through Charge-Driven Capsid Clustering.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Crucial role of Anxa2 in cancer progression: highlights on its novel regulatory mechanism.Cancer biology & medicine · 2019Article
- Immunology of Uterine and Vaginal Mucosae: (Trends in Immunology 39, 302-314, 2018).Trends in immunology · 2018Article
- Annexin A2 in Virus Infection.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Modulation of antigen presenting cell functions during chronic HPV infection.Papillomavirus research (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2017Review
- Evasion of host immune defenses by human papillomavirus.Virus research · 2017Review
- T cell ignorance is bliss: T cells are not tolerized by Langerhans cells presenting human papillomavirus antigens in the absence of costimulation.Papillomavirus research (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2016Article
- Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor Expression and High-Risk HPV Infection in Anal Lesions of HIV-Positive Patients.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2016Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Immune Cell Receptors, Coreceptors, and Cofactors: Implications for Prevention and Treatment.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2016Review
- Current therapeutic vaccination and immunotherapy strategies for HPV-related diseases.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2016Review
- Immunostimulatory Activity of the Cytokine-Based Biologic, IRX-2, on Human Papillomavirus-Exposed Langerhans Cells.Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are sexually transmitted viruses causally associated with several cancers. During its natural life cycle, HPV16, the most common high-risk genotype, infects the epithelial basal cells in a process facilitated through a recently identified receptor, the annexin A2 heterotetramer (A2t). During infection, HPV16 also interacts with Langerhans cells (LC), the APC of the epithelium, inducing immune suppression, which is mediated by the HPV16 L2 minor capsid protein. Despite the importance of these virus-immune cell interactions, the specific mechanisms of HPV16 entry into LC and HPV16-induced immune suppression remain undefined. An N-terminal peptide of HPV16 L2 (aa 108-126) has been shown to specifically interact with A2t. In this study, we show that incubation of human LC with this peptide blocks binding of HPV16. Inhibiting this interaction with an A2t ligand or by small interfering RNA downregulation of A2t significantly decreases HPV16 internalization into LC in an L2-dependent manner. A2t is associated with suppression of LC maturation as demonstrated through attenuated secretion of Th1-associated cytokines and decreased surface expression of MHC class II on LC exposed to A2t. Conversely, small molecule inhibition of A2t prevents HPV16-induced suppression of LC immune function as indicated by significantly increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines and surface expression of CD86 in HPV16 treated LC pre-exposed to A2t inhibitors. These results demonstrate that HPV16 suppresses LC maturation through an interaction with A2t, revealing a novel role for this protein.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.