ReviewThe oncologist2014
The clinical approach toward giant cell tumor of bone.
Review in The oncologist, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 138 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
138 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 261 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pre-operative denosumab is associated with higher risk of local recurrence in giant cell tumor of bone: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2020Pooled it
- Malignancy in Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: A Review of the Literature.Technology in cancer research & treatment · 2019Pooled it
- Can p63 serve as a biomarker for diagnosing giant cell tumor of bone? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicinaPooled it
- Denosumab in Giant Cell Rich Tumors of Bone: An Open-Label Multicenter Phase II Study.The oncologist · 2023Trial
- Adjuvant Zoledronic Acid in High-Risk Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: A Multicenter Randomized Phase II Trial.The oncologist · 2019Trial
- Surgical downstaging in an open-label phase II trial of denosumab in patients with giant cell tumor of bone.Annals of surgical oncology · 2015Trial
- Unnoticed Giant Cell Tumor of the Left Distal Tibia in a 52-Year-Old Male: A Rare Case Report.Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2026Article
- Intraosseous tumours of the knee.Skeletal radiology · 2026Review
- Secondary Malignant Transformation of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone Nine Years After Initial Curettage: A Case Report and Literature Review.Reports (MDPI) · 2026Article
- Giant Cell Tumor of the Sacrum: A Narrative Review of Management Challenges and Modalities.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Establishment and characterization of NCC-GCTB16-C1: novel patient-derived cell line of giant cell tumor of bone.Human cell · 2026Article
- β-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin-Secreting Giant Cell Tumor of Bone in the Mandible: Case Report and Comprehensive Literature Review.Head and neck pathology · 2026Review
- Denosumab combined with curettage after surgical dislocation of the hip in the treatment of giant cell tumors of bone in the femoral head and neck region: a single-center retrospective study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- Giant Cell Tumor of the Olecranon With a Displaced Pathological Fracture Successfully Treated by Intralesional Curettage and Plate Fixation: A Case Report.Case reports in orthopedics · 2026Article
- Surgically Treated Benign Bone Tumors and Tumor-like Conditions in the Pediatric Population-A 10-Year Institutional Experience.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Soft tissue recurrence in giant cell tumor of Bone: A comprehensive review of pathogenesis, imaging features, and clinical management.Journal of bone oncology · 2025Review
- Malignant and metastatic giant cell tumors of bone; clinical course of primary or secondary malignant and pulmonary metastatic variants.Journal of bone oncology · 2025Article
- A Case Report of a Rare Entity - Lateral End of Clavicle Chondromyxoid Fibroma which was Mistaken as Giant Cell Tumor and Aneurysmal Cyst.Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2025Article
- Cuboid Bone for Distal Radius Reconstruction: An Anatomical Study by 3D Models.Journal of wrist surgery · 2025Article
- A Rare Case Report of Giant Cell Tumor in the Distal Tibia: Management with Tumor Excision and Limb Reconstruction with Ilizarov Fixator.Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2025Article
78 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on byIn reply.2014
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We provide an overview of imaging, histopathology, genetics, and multidisciplinary treatment of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB), an intermediate, locally aggressive but rarely metastasizing tumor. Overexpression of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) by mononuclear neoplastic stromal cells promotes recruitment of numerous reactive multinucleated giant cells. Conventional radiographs show a typical eccentric lytic lesion, mostly located in the meta-epiphyseal area of long bones. GCTB may also arise in the axial skeleton and very occasionally in the small bones of hands and feet. Magnetic resonance imaging is necessary to evaluate the extent of GCTB within bone and surrounding soft tissues to plan a surgical approach. Curettage with local adjuvants is the preferred treatment. Recurrence rates after curettage with phenol and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA; 8%-27%) or cryosurgery and PMMA (0%-20%) are comparable. Resection is indicated when joint salvage is not feasible (e.g., intra-articular fracture with soft tissue component). Denosumab (RANKL inhibitor) blocks and bisphosphonates inhibit GCTB-derived osteoclast resorption. With bisphosphonates, stabilization of local and metastatic disease has been reported, although level of evidence was low. Denosumab has been studied to a larger extent and seems to be effective in facilitating intralesional surgery after therapy. Denosumab was recently registered for unresectable disease. Moderate-dose radiotherapy (40-55 Gy) is restricted to rare cases in which surgery would lead to unacceptable morbidity and RANKL inhibitors are contraindicated or unavailable.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.