ArticlePloS one2014
Proteomic analysis of saliva in HIV-positive heroin addicts reveals proteins correlated with cognition.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Proteomic Insights into Heroin Use: Links to Neurodegeneration.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Emergence of Extracellular Vesicles as "Liquid Biopsy" for Neurological Disorders: Boom or Bust.Pharmacological reviews · 2024Review
- Potential biomarker proteins for aspiration pneumonia detected by shotgun proteomics using buccal mucosa samples: a cross-sectional case-control study.Clinical proteomics · 2023Article
- Integrated Multiomics Analysis of Salivary Exosomes to Identify Biomarkers Associated with Changes in Mood States and Fatigue.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Salivary inflammatory biomarkers are predictive of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease in a feasibility study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Biogenesis, physiological functions and potential applications of extracellular vesicles in substance use disorders.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2021Review
- Human body-fluid proteome: quantitative profiling and computational prediction.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2021Review
- Article
- MicroRNAs and exosomes: key players in HIV pathogenesis.HIV medicine · 2020Review
- Assessment of the Utility of the Oral Fluid and Plasma Proteomes for Hydrocodone Exposure.Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology · 2020Article
- Vehicles of intercellular communication: exosomes and HIV-1.The Journal of general virology · 2019Review
- Salivary biomarkers and proteomics: future diagnostic and clinical utilities.Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale · 2017Review
- A Quantitative Proteomics Approach to Clinical Research with Non-Traditional Samples.Proteomes · 2016Article
- Coupling enrichment methods with proteomics for understanding and treating disease.Proteomics. Clinical applications · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remains high despite effective antiretroviral therapies. Multiple etiologies have been proposed over the last several years to account for this phenomenon, including the neurotoxic effects of antiretrovirals and co-morbid substance abuse; however, no underlying molecular mechanism has been identified. Emerging evidence in several fields has linked the gut to brain diseases, but the effect of the gut on the brain during HIV infection has not been explored. Saliva is the most accessible gut biofluid, and is therefore of great scientific interest for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. This study presents a longitudinal, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics study investigating saliva samples taken from 8 HIV-positive (HIV+), 11 -negative (HIV-) heroin addicts. In addition, saliva samples were investigated from 11 HIV-, non-heroin addicted healthy controls. In the HIV+ group, 58 proteins were identified that show significant correlations with cognitive scores, implicating disruption of protein quality control pathways by HIV. Notably, only one protein from the HIV- heroin addict cohort showed a significant correlation with cognitive scores, and no proteins correlated with cognitive scores in the healthy control group. In addition, the majority of correlated proteins have been shown to be associated with exosomes, allowing us to propose that the salivary glands and/or oral epithelium may modulate brain function during HIV infection through the release of discrete packets of proteins in the form of exosomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.