ReviewComprehensive Physiology2014
Physiological basis for the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of adrenal disorders: Cushing's syndrome, adrenal insufficiency, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
Review in Comprehensive Physiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00005664 (Evaluation of Patients With Endocrine-Related Conditions), which is not on this map. Cited by 60 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of Patients With Endocrine-Related Conditions
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 142 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- European Society of Endocrinology and Endocrine Society Joint Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis and Therapy of Glucocorticoid-induced Adrenal Insufficiency.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Guideline
- Ectopic ACTH syndrome of different origin-Diagnostic approach and clinical outcome. Experience of one Clinical Centre.PloS one · 2020Trial
- ACTH and cortisol responses to CRH in acute, subacute, and prolonged critical illness: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover cohort study.Intensive care medicine · 2018Trial
- Baseline serum cortisol as a prognostic biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in advanced gastric cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Ketamine Reverses Chronic Stress-Induced Behavioral Changes via the Expression of CaFASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- A Rare Case of Metastatic Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone - Secreting Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Causing Ectopic Cushing Syndrome in a 46-Year-Old Woman.The American journal of case reports · 2025Article
- Adrenal Insufficiency among People Living with HIV in Africa: Does Salivary Cortisol Make a Difference?Annals of clinical and laboratory science · 2025Article
- Physical Exercise Benefits Cognition: A Narrative Review of Evidence and Possible Mechanisms.Advances in neurobiology · 2025Review
- Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity and Metabolic Disorders in Kidney Transplant Recipients on Long-Term Glucocorticoid Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Iatrogenic Cushing Syndrome and Adrenal Suppression Presenting as Perimenopause.JCEM case reports · 2024Article
- Iatrogenic adrenal insufficiency in adults.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2024Review
- Genetically predicted plasma cortisol and common chronic diseases: A Mendelian randomization study.Clinical endocrinology · 2024Article
- Detecting the interferences in adrenocorticotropic hormone measurement - three cases reinforcing the efficiency of the complementary clinical and laboratory audit.Biochemia medica · 2024Article
- Klf9 plays a critical role in GR -dependent metabolic adaptations in cardiomyocytes.Cellular signalling · 2023Article
- Hepatic-Specific FGF21 Knockout Abrogates Ovariectomy-Induced Obesity by Reversing Corticosterone Production.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Glucocorticoids and cognitive function: a walkthrough in endogenous and exogenous alterations.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Review
- Acute abdominal pain due to atypical bilateral adrenal infarction in acute myeloid leukemia with alterations related to myelodysplasia: A case report.Clinical case reports · 2023Article
- Hyperandrogenism and Its Possible Effects on Endometrial Receptivity: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Recognition of Nonneoplastic Hypercortisolism in the Evaluation of Patients With Cushing Syndrome.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a classic neuroendocrine system. One of the best ways to understand the HPA axis is to appreciate its dynamics in the variety of diseases and syndromes that affect it. Excess glucocorticoid activity can be due to endogenous cortisol overproduction (spontaneous Cushing's syndrome) or exogenous glucocorticoid therapy (iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome). Endogenous Cushing's syndrome can be subdivided into ACTH-dependent and ACTH-independent, the latter of which is usually due to autonomous adrenal overproduction. The former can be due to a pituitary corticotroph tumor (usually benign) or ectopic ACTH production from tumors outside the pituitary; both of these tumor types overexpress the proopiomelanocortin gene. The converse of Cushing's syndrome is the lack of normal cortisol secretion and is usually due to adrenal destruction (primary adrenal insufficiency) or hypopituitarism (secondary adrenal insufficiency). Secondary adrenal insufficiency can also result from a rapid discontinuation of long-term, pharmacological glucocorticoid therapy because of HPA axis suppression and adrenal atrophy. Finally, mutations in the steroidogenic enzymes of the adrenal cortex can lead to congenital adrenal hyperplasia and an increase in precursor steroids, particularly androgens. When present in utero, this can lead to masculinization of a female fetus. An understanding of the dynamics of the HPA axis is necessary to master the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pituitary-adrenal diseases. Furthermore, understanding the pathophysiology of the HPA axis gives great insight into its normal control.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.