ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2014
Upper airway cancer, myeloid leukemia, and other cancers in a cohort of British chemical workers exposed to formaldehyde.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessment of associations between inhaled formaldehyde and lymphohematopoietic cancer through the integration of epidemiological and toxicological evidence with biological plausibility.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2024Pooled it
- Formaldehyde and Brain Disorders: A Meta-Analysis and Bioinformatics Approach.Neurotoxicity research · 2021Pooled it
- The importance of evaluating specific myeloid malignancies in epidemiological studies of environmental carcinogens.BMC cancer · 2021Pooled it
- Occupational exposure to formaldehyde and risk of non hodgkin lymphoma: a meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2019Pooled it
- Triangulation of epidemiological evidence and risk of bias evaluation: A proposed framework and applied example using formaldehyde exposure and risk of myeloid leukemias.Global epidemiology · 2024Article
- Relative contributions of endogenous and exogenous formaldehyde to formation of deoxyguanosine monoadducts and DNA-protein crosslink adducts of DNA in rat nasal mucosa.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2023Article
- Review
- Formaldehyde exposure and leukemia risk: a comprehensive review and network-based toxicogenomic approach.Genes and environment : the official journal of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society · 2021Review
- Peak Exposures in Epidemiologic Studies and Cancer Risks: Considerations for Regulatory Risk Assessment.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2019Review
- New insights into the mortality risk from nasopharyngeal cancer in the national cancer institute formaldehyde worker cohort study.Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England) · 2019Article
- Does formaldehyde have a causal association with nasopharyngeal cancer and leukaemia?Annals of occupational and environmental medicine · 2018Article
- Mass Spectrometry-Based Tools to Characterize DNA-Protein Cross-Linking by Bis-Electrophiles.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2017Review
- Re-evaluation of the WHO (2010) formaldehyde indoor air quality guideline for cancer risk assessment.Archives of toxicology · 2017Review
- Neurotoxicity effect of formaldehyde on occupational exposure and influence of individual susceptibility to some metabolism parameters.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2016Article
- Measurement of Endogenous versus Exogenous Formaldehyde-Induced DNA-Protein Crosslinks in Animal Tissues by Stable Isotope Labeling and Ultrasensitive Mass Spectrometry.Cancer research · 2016Article
- An updated re-analysis of the mortality risk from nasopharyngeal cancer in the National Cancer Institute formaldehyde worker cohort study.Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England) · 2016Article
- Formation, Accumulation, and Hydrolysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Formaldehyde-Induced DNA Damage.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2015Article
- Formaldehyde Exposure and Mortality Risks From Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Other Lymphohematopoietic Malignancies in the US National Cancer Institute Cohort Study of Workers in Formaldehyde Industries.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2015Article
- Exposure Reconstruction and Risk Analysis for Six Semiconductor Workers With Lymphohematopoietic Cancers.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The International Agency for Research on Cancer controversially has classified formaldehyde as causing nasopharyngeal carcinoma and myeloid leukemia. To provide further information on this question, we extended follow-up of a cohort of 14,008 chemical workers at 6 factories in England and Wales, covering the period 1941-2012. Mortality was compared with national death rates for England and Wales, and associations with incident upper airway cancer and leukemia were explored in nested case-control analyses. We observed excess deaths from cancers of the esophagus (100 observed vs. 93.1 expected), stomach (182 vs. 141.4), rectum (107 vs. 86.8), liver (35 vs. 26.9), and lung (813 vs. 645.8), but none of these tumors exhibited a clear exposure-response relationship. Nested case-control analyses of 115 men with upper airway cancer (including 1 nasopharyngeal cancer), 92 men with leukemia, and 45 men with myeloid leukemia indicated no elevations of risk in the highest exposure category (high exposure for ≥1 year). When the 2 highest exposure categories were combined, the odds ratio for myeloid leukemia was 1.26 (95% confidence interval: 0.39, 4.08). Our results provide no support for an increased hazard of myeloid leukemia, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, or other upper airway tumors from formaldehyde exposure. These results indicate that any excess risk of these cancers, even from relatively high exposures, is at most small.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.