ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2014
Treatment with lenalidomide induces immunoactivating and counter-regulatory immunosuppressive changes in myeloma patients.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integration of healthy volunteers in early phase clinical trials with immuno-oncological compounds.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Pharmacodynamic changes in tumor and immune cells drive iberdomide's clinical mechanisms of activity in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Trial
- Phase I-II study of lenalidomide and alemtuzumab in refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): effects on T cells and immune checkpoints.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2017Trial
- Lenalidomide and cyclophosphamide immunoregulation in patients with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2015Trial
- Understanding and addressing resistance to IMiDs immunomodulatory compounds in multiple myeloma.The FEBS journal · 2026Review
- When Myeloma Escapes the Bone Marrow: Extramedullary Disease in the Immunotherapy Era.Cancers · 2026Review
- Circulating M-MDSC Expansion During Therapy Associates With Treatment Response in Multiple Myeloma: A Longitudinal Observational Study.Clinical and translational science · 2026Observational
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) Suppress T-Cell Proliferation Less Than Mature Neutrophils in Blood and Bone Marrow From Multiple Myeloma Patients.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- The mechanisms of regulatory T cells in the immune microenvironment of multiple myeloma and clinical significance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- MYC Inhibition Potentiates CD8+ T Cells Against Multiple Myeloma and Overcomes Immunomodulatory Drug Resistance.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024Article
- A novel small molecule inhibitor of CD73 triggers immune-mediated multiple myeloma cell death.Blood cancer journal · 2024Article
- The recent progress of myeloid-derived suppressor cell and its targeted therapies in cancers.MedComm · 2023Review
- Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A Review of Available Therapies and Clinical Scenarios Encountered in Myeloma Relapse.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Review
- The magic of small-molecule drugs duringFrontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Secondary Hemophagocytic Syndrome in a Patient with Plasma Cell Myeloma and CNS Involvement Treated with Lenalidomide.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- Immunophenotypic Characteristics of Bone Marrow Microenvironment Cellular Composition at the Biochemical Progression of Multiple Myeloma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Metabolic Vulnerabilities in Multiple Myeloma.Cancers · 2022Review
- Regulatory T-Cells and Multiple Myeloma: Implications in Tumor Immune Biology and Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Prolonged viral shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in two immunocompromised patients, a case report.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Relapsed multiple myeloma demonstrates distinct patterns of immune microenvironment and malignant cell-mediated immunosuppression.Blood cancer journal · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lenalidomide activates the immune system, but the exact immunomodulatory mechanisms of lenalidomide in vivo are poorly defined. In an observational study we assessed the impact of lenalidomide on different populations of immune cells in multiple myeloma patients. Lenalidomide therapy was associated with increased amounts of a CD8(+) T cell subset, phenotypically staged between classical central memory T cells (TCM) and effector memory T cells (TEM), consequently termed TCM/TEM. The moderate expression of perforin/granzyme and phenotypical profile of these cells identifies them as not yet terminally differentiated, which makes them promising candidates for the anti-tumour response. In addition, lenalidomide-treated patients showed higher abundance of CD14(+) myeloid cells co-expressing CD15. This population was able to inhibit both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell proliferation in vitro and could thus be defined as a so far undescribed novel myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) subtype. We observed a striking correlation between levels of TCM/TEM, mature regulatory T cells (T(regs)) and CD14(+) CD15(+) MDSCs. In summary, lenalidomide induces both activating and inhibitory components of the immune system, indicating the existence of potential counter-regulatory mechanisms. These findings provide new insights into the immunomodulatory action of lenalidomide.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.