ArticlePediatrics2014
Adolescent carotenoid intake and benign breast disease.
Article in Pediatrics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adolescent Dietary Intake and Breast Cancer in Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Pooled it
- Dietary intake of tomato and lycopene, blood levels of lycopene, and risk of total and specific cancers in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Breast Cancer Primary Prevention and Diet: An Umbrella Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Nutrition Across the Life Course and Risk of Young-Onset Breast Cancer: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Prevention Opportunities.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Childhood and adolescent dietary patterns and incidence of benign breast disease.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2025Article
- Association between serum carotenoids levels and endometriosis risk: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Tomatoes, Lycopene, and Prostate Cancer: What Have We Learned from Experimental Models?The Journal of nutrition · 2022Review
- Physical activity and risk of benign proliferative epithelial disorders of the breast, in the Women's Health Initiative.International journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Dairy consumption during adolescence and endometriosis risk.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2020Article
- Higher Dietary Inflammatory Index Scores are Associated with Increased Odds of Benign Breast Diseases in a Case-Control Study.Journal of inflammation research · 2020Article
- Exploring the Valuable Carotenoids for the Large-Scale Production by Marine Microorganisms.Marine drugs · 2018Review
- Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, diet, and cancer: an update and emerging new evidence.The Lancet. Oncology · 2017Review
- Plasma carotenoids and the risk of premalignant breast disease in women aged 50 and younger: a nested case-control study.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2017Article
- Early Life Exposures and Adult Cancer Risk.Epidemiologic reviews · 2017Review
- Breast Cancer Research in the Nurses' Health Studies: Exposures Across the Life Course.American journal of public health · 2016Review
- Intakes of fat and micronutrients between ages 13 and 18 years and the incidence of proliferative benign breast disease.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2015Article
- Breast cancer risk accumulation starts early: prevention must also.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCarotenoids may reduce risk of benign breast disease (BBD), an independent risk factor for breast cancer, through antioxidative or antiproliferative mechanisms. Exposure to carotenoids may be most important during adolescence when breast tissue is still developing. We examined adolescent carotenoid intake in relation to BBD in young women.
methodsIn 6593 adolescent girls in the prospective Growing Up Today Study cohort, intakes of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene were assessed by using the means from food-frequency questionnaires in 1996, 1997, and 1998. Girls reported biopsy-confirmed BBD on questionnaires in 2005, 2007, and 2010 (n = 122). We conducted logistic regression of energy-adjusted carotenoid intakes in relation to BBD, adjusted for age, family history of breast cancer or BBD, age at menarche, nulliparity, alcohol intake, BMI, and physical activity.
resultsMean (SD) age at baseline was 12.0 (1.6) years. β-Carotene intake was inversely associated with BBD; comparing the highest to lowest quartile, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio was 0.58 (95% confidence interval: 0.34-1.00; P-trend = .03). α-Carotene and lutein/zeaxanthin were also inversely associated with BBD, but the associations were not statistically significant.
conclusionsAdolescent carotenoid intake may be associated with lower BBD risk; these findings warrant further study.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.