ReviewAmerican journal of ophthalmology2014
Immune responses in age-related macular degeneration and a possible long-term therapeutic strategy for prevention.
Review in American journal of ophthalmology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Homocysteine and the risk of age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2015Pooled it
- Recent advances in treating age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy: Current therapies and emerging novel approaches.GeroScience · 2026Review
- Article
- Selective retinal neuron loss and impaired neurovascular support underlie myopic retinopathy in RPE-specific Lrp2-deficient mice.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Drug Delivery Technologies for the Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Molecular and genetic landscapes of retina and brain microglia in neurodegenerative diseases.Genome research · 2025Article
- Gene therapy for age-related macular degeneration: a promising frontier in vision preservation.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- Retinal Structure and Microcirculation Alterations in Patients With Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: An Optical Coherence Tomography and Angiography Study.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Article
- Outer retina micro-inflammation is driven by T cell responses prior to retinal degeneration in early age-related macular degeneration.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Immune System, Inflammation and Autoantigens in Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Pathological Significance and Therapeutic Importance.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Review
- Spatiotemporal Coordination of RPE Cell Quality by Extracellular Vesicle miR-494-3p Via Competitive Interplays With SIRT3 or PTEN.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Retinal Aging Transcriptome and Cellular Landscape in Association With the Progression of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- A laser-induced mouse model of progressive retinal degeneration with central sparing displays features of parafoveal geographic atrophy.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Elastin Layer in Bruch's Membrane as a Target for Immunization or Tolerization to Modulate Pathology in the Mouse Model of Smoke-Induced Ocular Injury.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
- Glial-mediated neuroinflammatory mechanisms in age-related macular degeneration.Seminars in immunopathology · 2022Review
- Elastin turnover in ocular diseases: A special focus on age-related macular degeneration.Experimental eye research · 2022Review
- Inflammatory adipose activates a nutritional immunity pathway leading to retinal dysfunction.Cell reports · 2022Article
- Potential participation of CTRP6, a complement regulator, in the pathology of age related macular degeneration.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo describe the immune alterations associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD); and, based on these findings, to offer an approach to possibly prevent the expression of late disease.
designPerspective.
methodsReview of the existing literature dealing with epidemiology, models, and immunologic findings in patients.
resultsSignificant genetic associations have been identified and reported, but environmentally induced (including epigenetic) changes are also an important consideration. Immune alterations include a strong interleukin 17 family signature as well as marked expression of these molecules in the eye. Oxidative stress as well as other homeostatic altering mechanisms occur throughout life. With this immune dysregulation there is a rationale for considering immunotherapy. Indeed, immunotherapy has been shown to affect the late stages of AMD.
conclusionImmune dysregulation appears to be an underlying alteration in AMD, as in other diseases thought to be degenerative and attributable to aging. Para-inflammation and immunosenescence may importantly contribute to the development of disease. The role of complement factor H still needs to be better defined, but in light of its association with ocular inflammatory conditions such as sarcoidosis, it does not appear to be unique to AMD but rather may be a marker for retinal pigment epithelium function. With the strong interleukin 17 family signature and the need to treat early on in the disease process, oral tolerance may be considered to prevent disease progression.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.