ReviewJournal of neuropathology and experimental neurology2014
Toll-like receptors and ischemic brain injury.
Review in Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardioembolic Ischemic Stroke Gene Expression Fingerprint in Blood: a Systematic Review and Verification Analysis.Translational stroke research · 2020Pooled it
- Role of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) in Spinal Cord Injury (SCI): A Comprehensive Review.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- An integrative clinical and bioinformatic analysis identifies MicroRNAs as biomarkers of ischemic stroke severity.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Plant-Derived Nanovesicles for Ischemic Stroke Therapy via the Gut Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: A New Paradigm of Systemic Regulation.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Chunghyul-dan, a multi-botanical ethanol extract, improves collateral perfusion and neurovascular stability in permanent focal cerebral ischemia.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Changes in Neuroimmunological Synapses During Cerebral Ischemia.Translational stroke research · 2025Review
- Convergence of sepsis-associated encephalopathy pathogenesis onto microglia.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Celery seed derived reconstituted lipid nanoparticles as an innate neuron-targeted neuroprotective nanomedicine for ischemic stroke treatment.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Profiling X chromosome genes expression relevant to sex dimorphism in stroke: insights from transcriptomics landscape analysis.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Article
- Phloretin attenuates inflammation induced by subarachnoid hemorrhage through regulation of the TLR2/MyD88/NF-kB pathway.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Huanglian Jiedu decoction alleviates ischemia-induced cerebral injury in rats by mitigating NET formation and activiting GABAergic synapses.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Mechanistic insights on TLR-4 mediated inflammatory pathway in neurodegenerative diseases.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2024Review
- Intersecting Pathways: The Role of Metabolic Dysregulation, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, and Inflammation in Acute Ischemic Stroke Pathogenesis and Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Neuroactive Steroids, Toll-like Receptors, and Neuroimmune Regulation: Insights into Their Impact on Neuropsychiatric Disorders.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Research hotspots and frontiers of preconditioning in cerebral ischemia: A bibliometric analysis.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Monocyte, neutrophil, and whole blood transcriptome dynamics following ischemic stroke.BMC medicine · 2023Article
- A study of the correlation between stroke and gut microbiota over the last 20years: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Signaling pathways involved in ischemic stroke: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2022Review
- Opioid Antagonist Nanodrugs Successfully Attenuate the Severity of Ischemic Stroke.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2022Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are master regulators of innate immunity and play an integral role in the activation of inflammatory response during infections. In addition, TLRs influence the body's response to numerous forms of injury. Recent data have shown that TLRs play a modulating role in ischemic brain damage after stroke. Interestingly, their stimulation before ischemia induces a tolerant state that is neuroprotective. This phenomenon, referred to as TLR preconditioning, is the result of the reprogramming of TLR response to ischemic injury. This review addresses the role of TLRs in brain ischemia and the activation of endogenous neuroprotective pathways in the setting of preconditioning. We highlight the protective role of interferon-related response and the potential site of action for TLR preconditioning involving the blood-brain barrier. Pharmacologic modulation of TLR activation to promote protection against stroke is a promising approach for the development of prophylactic and immediate therapies targeting ischemic brain injury.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.