Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24708941›Full record

ArticleAnaerobe2014

The role of the humoral immune response to Clostridium difficile toxins A and B in susceptibility to C. difficile infection: a case-control study.

J Islam, A L Taylor, K Rao, G Huffnagle, V B Young, C Rajkumar, J Cohen, P Papatheodorou, D M Aronoff, M J Llewelyn

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Anaerobe, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Extraintestinal Manifestations ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  2. Immunization Strategies Against Clostridioides difficile.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024
    Review
  3. Blastocystis and Clostridioides difficile: Evidence for a Synergistic Role in Colonization Among IBD Patients with Emphasis on Ulcerative Colitis.The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology · 2021
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
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  11. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

J IslamPathogen Host Interaction Group, Division of Clinical Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Medical School Research Building, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9PX, UK.
A L TaylorPathogen Host Interaction Group, Division of Clinical Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Medical School Research Building, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9PX, UK.
K RaoDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
G HuffnagleDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
V B YoungDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
C RajkumarDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK.
J CohenPathogen Host Interaction Group, Division of Clinical Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Medical School Research Building, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9PX, UK.
P PapatheodorouInstitut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Germany.
D M AronoffDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
M J LlewelynPathogen Host Interaction Group, Division of Clinical Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Medical School Research Building, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9PX, UK. Electronic address: m.j.llewelyn@bsms.ac.uk.

Funding

The Interplay Between Host Immunity and Clostridium difficile PathogenesisU19AI090871 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI YOUNG, VINCENT B · 2010 to 2014
$7.5M
NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI090871
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antibody levels to Clostridium difficile toxin A (TcdA), but not toxin B (TcdB), have been found to determine risk of C. difficile infection (CDI). Historically, TcdA was thought to be the key virulence factor; however the importance of TcdB in disease is now established. We re-evaluated the role of antibodies to TcdA and TcdB in determining patient susceptibility to CDI in two separate patient cohorts. In contrast to earlier studies, we find that CDI patients have lower pre-existing IgA titres to TcdB, but not TcdA, when compared to control patients. Our findings suggest that mucosal immunity to TcdB may be important in the early stages of infection and identifies a possible target for preventing CDI progression.

Indexed as

Disease SusceptibilityADP Ribose TransferasesAgedAged, 80 and overAntibodies, BacterialAntitoxinsBacterial ProteinsCase-Control StudiesClostridium InfectionsFemaleHumansImmunity, MucosalImmunoglobulin AMaleMiddle Agedactin-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase, ClostridiumADP Ribose TransferasesAntibodies, BacterialAntitoxinsBacterial ProteinsImmunoglobulin ACase–control studyClostridium difficileHumoral immune responseToxin A (TcdA)Toxin B (TcdB)

Identifiers

PMID24708941
PMCPMC4140433

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.