Trial reportBMC nephrology2014
A randomized trial of sodium-restriction on kidney function, fluid volume and adipokines in CKD patients.
Trial report in BMC nephrology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Altered dietary salt intake for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of a low-salt diet on chronic kidney disease outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2022Pooled it
- Does Sodium Intake Induce Systemic Inflammatory Response? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Studies in HumansNutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Altered dietary salt intake for people with chronic kidney disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension (JSH 2019).Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2019Guideline
- Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Dietary Sodium Restriction with or without Concomitant Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System-Inhibiting Treatment on Albuminuria.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2015Pooled it
- Self-Monitoring and Self-Efficacy in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease During Low-Sodium Diet Self-Management Interventions: Secondary Analysis of the ESMO and SUBLIME Trials.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Trial
- Dietary sodium restriction decreases urinary NGAL in older adults with moderately elevated systolic blood pressure free from chronic kidney disease.Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research · 2020Trial
- A Randomized Trial of Distal Diuretics versus Dietary Sodium Restriction for Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2020Trial
- Spot urine sodium measurements do not accurately estimate dietary sodium intake in chronic kidney disease.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2016Trial
- Dietary sodium reduction and blood pressure: a dose-response meta-analysis in hypertensive and chronic kidney disease patients.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- Two-Week Low-Salt Diet Improves Acetylcholine-Induced Microvascular Dilation in Biologically Naïve Psoriasis Patients.Nutrients · 2025Article
- High sodium intake and fluid overhydration predict cardiac structural and functional impairments in chronic kidney disease.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Self-Reported Frequency of Adding Salt to Food and Risk of Incident Chronic Kidney Disease.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Measured sodium excretion is associated with cardiovascular outcomes in non-dialysis CKD patients: results from the KNOW-CKD study.Frontiers in nephrology · 2023Article
- Diet in the management of non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease: perceptions and practices of health professionals.BMC nephrology · 2022Article
- Chronic Kidney Disease: Role of Diet for a Reduction in the Severity of the Disease.Nutrients · 2021Review
- The importance of sialic acid, pH and ion concentration on the interaction of uromodulin and complement factor H.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2021Article
- Article
- Risk Reduction for End-Stage Renal Disease by Dietary Guidance Using the Gustatory Threshold Test for Salty Taste.Nutrients · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDietary sodium restriction is a key management strategy in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recent evidence has demonstrated short-term reduction in blood pressure (BP) and proteinuria with sodium restriction, however the effect on other cardiovascular-related risk factors requires investigation in CKD.
methodsThe LowSALT CKD study involved 20 hypertensive Stage III-IV CKD patients counselled by a dietitian to consume a low-sodium diet (<100 mmol/day). The study was a randomised crossover trial comparing 2 weeks of high-sodium (additional 120 mmol sodium tablets) and low-sodium intake (placebo). Measurements were taken after each crossover arm including BP (peripheral and central), adipokines (inflammation markers and adiponectin), volume markers (extracellular-to-intracellular [E/I] fluid ratio; N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP]), kidney function (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate [eGFR]) and proteinuria (urine protein-creatinine ratio [PCR] and albumin-creatinine ratio [ACR]). Outcomes were compared using paired t-test for each cross-over arm.
resultsBP-lowering benefits of a low-sodium intake (peripheral BP (mean ± SD) 148/82 ± 21/12 mmHg) from high-sodium (159/87 ± 15/10 mmHg) intake were reflected in central BP and a reduction in eGFR, PCR, ACR, NTproBNP and E/I ratio. There was no change in inflammatory markers, total or high molecular weight adiponectin.
conclusionsShort-term benefits of sodium restriction on BP were reflected in significant change in kidney function and fluid volume parameters. Larger, long-term adequately powered trials in CKD are necessary to confirm these results.
trial registrationUniversal Trial Number U1111-1125-2149 registered on 13/10/2011; Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Number ACTRN12611001097932 registered on 21/10/2011.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.