Trial reportCritical care (London, England)2014
Predicting six-month mortality of patients with traumatic brain injury: usefulness of common intensive care severity scores.
Trial report in Critical care (London, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Comparative predictive performance of computed tomography scoring systems in traumatic brain injury: a systematic review, Bayesian comparison, and meta-analysis.Neurosurgical review · 2026Pooled it
- A Meta-analysis of Predicting Disorders of Consciousness After Traumatic Brain Injury by Machine Learning Models.Alpha psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- The Impact of Invasive Brain Oxygen Pressure Guided Therapy on the Outcome of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neurocritical care · 2022Pooled it
- Prognostic role of bioelectrical impedance phase angle for critically ill patients: A systemic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy of delivery of care with Tele-continuous EEG in critically ill patients: a multicenter randomized controlled trial (Tele-cRCT study) study.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Trial
- Novel prognostic nomograms in cervical cancer based on analysis of 1075 patients.Cancer medicine · 2023Trial
- Clustering identifies endotypes of traumatic brain injury in an intensive care cohort: a CENTER-TBI study.Critical care (London, England) · 2022Trial
- Development and validation of an explainable machine learning model integrating modified CT criteria for predicting posttraumatic acute diffuse brain swelling.La Radiologia medica · 2026Article
- Beyond Acute Kidney Injury : Direct Pathways Implicate Inflammatory Mechanisms in Serum NGAL's Mortality Effect in Acute Brain Injury.Translational stroke research · 2026Article
- External validation and comparative performance of Marshall, Rotterdam, and Helsinki computed tomography scores in adult traumatic brain injury.BMC emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Urine-to-Serum Osmolality Ratio as a Prognostic Marker in Traumatic Brain Injury.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Serial assessment of serum HMGB1 and ΔSOFA for predicting 28-day mortality in sepsis patients: a prospective cohort study in the emergency department.BMC emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- An Interpretable Machine Learning Model for Predicting Early Neurological Deterioration Following Posttraumatic Acute Diffuse Brain Swelling.Neurocritical care · 2025Article
- Admission braden scale is an effective marker for predicting pneumonia in critically ill patients with traumatic brain injury.Neurosurgical review · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a model to predict cognitive impairment in traumatic brain injury patients: a prospective observational study.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity, Volume Status, and Neurological Prognosis in Acute Brain Injury: A Prospective Cohort Analysis.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
- Predictive Modeling of Long-Term Care Needs in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Using Machine Learning.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Development and validation of machine learning models to predict perioperative transfusion risk for hip fractures in the elderly.Annals of medicine · 2024Article
- Prognostic value of soluble programmed death-1 and soluble programmed death ligand-1 in severe traumatic brain injury patients.Scientific reports · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II), SAPS II (Simplified Acute Physiology Score II) and SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) scores compared to simpler models based on age and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) in predicting long-term outcome of patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) treated in the intensive care unit (ICU).
methodsA national ICU database was screened for eligible TBI patients (age over 15 years, GCS 3-13) admitted in 2003-2012. Logistic regression was used for customization of APACHE II, SAPS II and SOFA score-based models for six-month mortality prediction. These models were compared to an adjusted SOFA-based model (including age) and a reference model (age and GCS). Internal validation was performed by a randomized split-sample technique. Prognostic performance was determined by assessing discrimination, calibration and precision.
resultsIn total, 1,625 patients were included. The overall six-month mortality was 33%. The APACHE II and SAPS II-based models showed good discrimination (area under the curve (AUC) 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75 to 0.82; and 0.80, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.83, respectively), calibration (P > 0.05) and precision (Brier score 0.166 to 0.167). The SOFA-based model showed poor discrimination (AUC 0.68, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.72) and precision (Brier score 0.201) but good calibration (P > 0.05). The AUC of the SOFA-based model was significantly improved after the insertion of age and GCS (∆AUC +0.11, P < 0.001). The performance of the reference model was comparable to the APACHE II and SAPS II in terms of discrimination (AUC 0.77; compared to APACHE II, ΔAUC -0.02, P = 0.425; compared to SAPS II, ΔAUC -0.03, P = 0.218), calibration (P > 0.05) and precision (Brier score 0.181).
conclusionsA simple prognostic model, based only on age and GCS, displayed a fairly good prognostic performance in predicting six-month mortality of ICU-treated patients with TBI. The use of the more complex scoring systems APACHE II, SAPS II and SOFA added little to the prognostic performance.
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