ArticleBMC infectious diseases2014
Factors affecting immunogenicity of BCG in infants, a study in Malawi, The Gambia and the UK.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- A randomized prospective study of neonatal hepatitis B vaccine immunogenicity in The Gambia and Papua New Guinea.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2026Article
- Aging and Microbiome in the Modulation of Vaccine Efficacy.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- The aging gut microbiome and its impact on host immunity.Genes and immunity · 2021Review
- Effect of Helicobacter pylori and Helminth Coinfection on the Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Current microbiology · 2021Review
- Systems analysis and controlled malaria infection in Europeans and Africans elucidate naturally acquired immunity.Nature immunology · 2021Article
- Immune Responses Following BCG Immunization of Infants in Uganda and United Kingdom Are Similar for Purified Protein Derivative but Differ for Secretory Proteins ofFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Challenges for the Newborn Immune Response to Respiratory Virus Infection and Vaccination.Vaccines · 2020Review
- The Impact of the Microbiome on Immunity to Vaccination in Humans.Cell host & microbe · 2020Review
- Differential DNA methylation of potassium channel KCa3.1 and immune signalling pathways is associated with infant immune responses following BCG vaccination.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Controlled Human Infections As a Tool to Reduce Uncertainty in Clinical Vaccine Development.Frontiers in medicine · 2018Review
- Vaccine responses in newborns.Seminars in immunopathology · 2017Review
- Maternal nutritional status during pregnancy and infant immune response to routine childhood vaccinations.Future virology · 2017Review
- Minimal Sex-Differential Modulation of Reactivity to Pathogens and Toll-Like Receptor Ligands following Infant Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Russia Vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- IgG1 Fc N-glycan galactosylation as a biomarker for immune activation.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Article
- Factors influencing innate immunity and vaccine responses in infancy.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2015Review
- QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test conversions and reversions among tuberculosis patients and their household contacts in Addis Ababa: a one year follow-up study.BMC infectious diseases · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBCG immunogenicity in infants differs between populations and these differences have been attributed to various factors. In this study, the influence of geographical location, season of birth, timing of vaccination, micronutrient status (zinc) and inflammatory status (C-reactive protein, CRP) were assessed.
methodsImmunogenicity was assessed by cytokine signature in culture supernatants from diluted whole blood samples stimulated with M. tuberculosis PPD, using a multiplex bead assay. Results were correlated with the plasma zinc and CRP concentrations at the time of sampling, and with interview and household data. BCG vaccinated infants were recruited in Malawi, The Gambia and the UK.
resultsIn Malawi, infants vaccinated within the first week after birth showed lower production of most cytokines measured than those vaccinated later. The number of cytokines showing significant differences between Malawian and Gambian infants decreased after adjusting for season of birth. In Malawi, a proportion of infants had zinc deficiency and elevated plasma CRP (>10 mg/L), but neither zinc deficiency nor high CRP was associated with production of any of the cytokines measured.
conclusionsThe cytokine/chemokine signatures observed in response to M. tuberculosis PPD in infants at 3 months post BCG vaccination were affected by geographical location, season of birth, and timing of vaccination but not associated with the concentration of plasma zinc or inflammatory status. These factors should be considered in future trials of new TB vaccines.
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