ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2014
Expression of thyrotropin receptor, thyroglobulin, sodium-iodide symporter, and thyroperoxidase by fibrocytes depends on AIRE.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thyroid-Originating Extracellular Vesicles Harbor Thyroid-Specific Biomarkers with Potential Relevance for Thyroid Cancer Recurrence Detection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Molecular pathway and mechanism responsible for the progress of thyroid-associated orbitopathy.International ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Teprotumumab in the management of thyroid eye disease mechanistic insights and adverse reactions: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Iodine contrast should be avoided in patients with thyroid eye disease.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Fibrocyte Participation in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy Suggests New Approaches to Therapy.Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery · 2023Review
- Teprotumumab Divergently Alters Fibrocyte Gene Expression: Implications for Thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Article
- Understanding Pathogenesis Intersects With Effective Treatment for Thyroid Eye Disease.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Article
- 2021 update on thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2022Review
- Therapeutic IGF-I receptor inhibition alters fibrocyte immune phenotype in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Slit2 Regulates Hyaluronan & Cytokine Synthesis in Fibrocytes: Potential Relevance to Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Article
- Risk factors for Graves' Orbitopathy in surgical patients-Results of a 10-year retrospective study with review of the literature.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2021Review
- Slit2 May Underlie Divergent Induction by Thyrotropin of IL-23 and IL-12 in Human Fibrocytes.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Article
- Teprotumumab as a Novel Therapy for Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Review
- Integrative Analysis of Proteomics and DNA Methylation in Orbital Fibroblasts From Graves' Ophthalmopathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Article
- Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: Emergence of teprotumumab as a promising medical therapy.Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism · 2020Review
- Will biological agents supplant systemic glucocorticoids as the first-line treatment for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy?European journal of endocrinology · 2019Review
- Response to Letter to the Editor: "Elevated Serum Tetrac in Graves Disease: Potential Pathogenic Role in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy".The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2019Article
- Potential Roles of CD34+ Fibrocytes Masquerading as Orbital Fibroblasts in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2019Review
- Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Receptor and Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy.Endocrine reviews · 2019Review
- Challenges in Orphan Drug Development: Identification of Effective Therapy for Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy.Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextCD34(+) fibrocytes, bone marrow-derived progenitor cells, infiltrate orbital connective tissue in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, a manifestation of Graves' disease. In the orbit, they become CD34(+) fibroblasts and coexist with native CD34(-) fibroblasts. Fibrocytes have been shown to express TSH receptor and thyroglobulin.
objectiveThe objective of the study was to determine whether a broader repertoire of thyroid protein expression can be detected in fibrocytes and whether a common factor is responsible. DESIGN/SETTING/
participantsFibrocytes and fibroblasts were collected and analyzed from healthy individuals and those with Graves' disease in an academic clinical practice.
main outcome measuresReal-time PCR, Western blot analysis, gene promoter analysis, cell transfections, and flow cytometric cell sorting were performed.
resultsWe detect two additional thyroid proteins expressed by fibrocytes, namely sodium-iodide symporter and thyroperoxidase. The autoimmune regulator (AIRE) protein appears necessary for this expression. AIRE expression in fibrocytes results from an active AIRE gene promoter and stable AIRE mRNA. Knocking down AIRE with a targeting small interfering RNA reduces the expression of these thyroid proteins in fibrocytes as well as the transcription factors paired box-8 and thyroid transcription factor-1. When compared with an unaffected first-degree relative, levels of these proteins are substantially reduced in fibrocytes from an individual with an inactivating AIRE mutation. Levels of AIRE and the thyroid proteins are lower in orbital fibroblasts from patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy than in fibrocytes. However, when mixed fibroblast populations are sorted into pure CD34(+) and CD34(-) subsets, the levels of these proteins are dramatically increased selectively in CD34(+) fibroblasts.
conclusionsFibrocytes express four proteins, the aggregate expression of which was previously thought to be restricted to thyroid epithelium. These proteins represent the necessary molecular biosynthetic machinery necessary for thyroid hormone production. Our findings implicate AIRE in the promiscuous expression of thyroid proteins in fibrocytes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.