Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24706856›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2014

Mice with megabase humanization of their immunoglobulin genes generate antibodies as efficiently as normal mice.

Andrew J Murphy, Lynn E Macdonald, Sean Stevens, Margaret Karow, Anthony T Dore, Kevin Pobursky, Tammy T Huang, William T Poueymirou, Lakeisha Esau, Melissa Meola and 6 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 248 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
248citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
15.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

248 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 441 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Biotechnology Approaches for the Treatment of Dyslipidemia.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2021
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  11. Dupilumab efficacy by disease severity in pediatric type 2 asthma.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2025
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  12. Dupilumab Efficacy and Safety in Patients With Persistent Asthma: Asia-Pacific Region.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2025
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188 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Andrew J MurphyRegeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591.
Lynn E Macdonald
Sean Stevens
Margaret Karow
Anthony T Dore
Kevin Pobursky
Tammy T Huang
William T Poueymirou
Lakeisha Esau
Melissa Meola
Warren Mikulka
Pamela Krueger
Jeanette Fairhurst
David M Valenzuela
Nicholas Papadopoulos
George D Yancopoulos
Regeneron (United States) · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mice genetically engineered to be humanized for their Ig genes allow for human antibody responses within a mouse background (HumAb mice), providing a valuable platform for the generation of fully human therapeutic antibodies. Unfortunately, existing HumAb mice do not have fully functional immune systems, perhaps because of the manner in which their genetic humanization was carried out. Heretofore, HumAb mice have been generated by disrupting the endogenous mouse Ig genes and simultaneously introducing human Ig transgenes at a different and random location; KO-plus-transgenic humanization. As we describe in the companion paper, we attempted to make mice that more efficiently use human variable region segments in their humoral responses by precisely replacing 6 Mb of mouse Ig heavy and kappa light variable region germ-line gene segments with their human counterparts while leaving the mouse constant regions intact, using a unique in situ humanization approach. We reasoned the introduced human variable region gene segments would function indistinguishably in their new genetic location, whereas the retained mouse constant regions would allow for optimal interactions and selection of the resulting antibodies within the mouse environment. We show that these mice, termed VelocImmune mice because they were generated using VelociGene technology, efficiently produce human:mouse hybrid antibodies (that are rapidly convertible to fully human antibodies) and have fully functional humoral immune systems indistinguishable from those of WT mice. The efficiency of the VelocImmune approach is confirmed by the rapid progression of 10 different fully human antibodies into human clinical trials.

Indexed as

Antibody FormationGenes, ImmunoglobulinAllelesAnimalsB-LymphocytesFlow CytometryHumansMiceMutationantibody generationimmunoglobulin loci

Identifiers

PMID24706856
PMCPMC3986188
OpenAlexW2105521580

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.