ArticleDiabetes2014
Recognition of posttranslationally modified GAD65 epitopes in subjects with type 1 diabetes.
Article in Diabetes, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 142 citations in OpenAlex.
- Discovery of Post-Translationally Modified Epitopes in Autoimmunity: Someone Has to Fish so Everyone Can Eat.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Protein Posttranslational Modifications in Immunity: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2026Review
- Beyond Sequence: Posttranslational Remodeling of Antigens in Autoimmunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Citrullination and Deamidation in Type 1 Diabetes: Linking Beta Cell Stress to Neoantigen-Driven Autoimmunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- From Disposal to Display: Crinophagy as a β-Cell Source of Neoantigens in Type 1 Diabetes.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Sensing and Communicating β-Cell Stress in the Context of T1D Etiology: New Opportunities for Therapeutic Impact.Comprehensive Physiology · 2026Review
- A microenvironment-driven HLA-II-associated insulin neoantigen elicits persistent memory T cell activation in diabetes.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Smoking, GAD65 autoimmunity, genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes and incident adult-onset diabetes in the EPIC-InterAct case-cohort study.Metabologia · 2026Article
- Article
- Pivotal epitopes for islet antigen-specific CD8Immunologic research · 2025Article
- The role of oxidative post-translational modifications in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Breakdown and Repair of Peripheral Immune Tolerance in Type 1 Diabetes.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2024Review
- CD4+ T Cells From Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes Respond to a Novel Class of Deamidated Peptides Formed in Pancreatic Islets.Diabetes · 2024Article
- Autoimmunity: the neoantigen hypothesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Antigen-specific T cell responses in autoimmune diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- The beta cell-immune cell interface in type 1 diabetes (T1D).Molecular metabolism · 2023Review
- Using mass spectrometry to identify neoantigens in autoimmune diseases: The type 1 diabetes example.Seminars in immunology · 2023Review
- MHC Class II Presentation in Autoimmunity.Cells · 2023Review
- Autoantibody and T cell responses to oxidative post-translationally modified insulin neoantigenic peptides in type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2023Article
- Recognition of mRNA Splice Variant and Secretory Granule Epitopes by CD4+ T Cells in Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes · 2023Article
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Posttranslational modification (PTM) of self-proteins has been shown to elicit clinically relevant immune responses in rheumatoid arthritis and celiac disease. Accumulating evidence suggests that recognition of modified self-proteins may also be important in type 1 diabetes. Our objective was to identify posttranslationally modified GAD65 peptides, which are recognized by subjects with type 1 diabetes, and to assess their disease relevance. We show that citrullination and transglutamination of peptides can enhance their binding to DRB1*04:01, a diabetes-susceptible HLA allele. These and corresponding modifications to amino acids at T-cell contact positions modulated the recognition of multiple GAD65 peptides by self-reactive T cells. Using class II tetramers, we verified that memory T cells specific for these modified epitopes were detectable directly ex vivo in the peripheral blood of subjects with type 1 diabetes at significantly higher frequencies than healthy controls. Furthermore, T cells that recognize these modified epitopes were either less responsive or nonresponsive to their unmodified counterparts. Our findings suggest that PTM contributes to the progression of autoimmune diabetes by eliciting T-cell responses to new epitope specificities that are present primarily in the periphery, thereby circumventing tolerance mechanisms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.