ArticleMicrobiology (Reading, England)2014
AvrA effector protein of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is expressed and translocated in mesenteric lymph nodes at late stages of infection in mice.
Article in Microbiology (Reading, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Environmental Persistence and Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Virulence arresting drug discovery by strategies targeting bacterial virulence: Mainly focusing on quorum-sensing interference and biofilm inhibition.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2025Review
- Infection biology ofEcoSal Plus · 2024Review
- Translocation of YopJ family effector proteins through the VirB/VirD4 T4SS ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Analysis of In Vivo Transcriptome of Intracellular Bacterial PathogenPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The Protective Effect ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
- AvrA Exerts Inhibition of NF-κB Pathway in Its NaïveInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Animal Models of Type III Secretion System-Mediated Pathogenesis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Vibrio cholerae autoinducer-1 enhances the virulence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- In vitro virulence characteristics of rare serovars of Salmonella enterica isolated from sand lizards (Lacerta agilis L.).Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2018Article
- Autophagy and Ubiquitination inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Review
- Bioengineering Bacterially Derived Immunomodulants: A Therapeutic Approach to Inflammatory Bowel Disease.ACS nano · 2017Article
- YopJ Family Effectors Promote Bacterial Infection through a Unique Acetyltransferase Activity.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2016Review
- Patterns of expression and translocation of the ubiquitin ligase SlrP in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.Journal of bacteriology · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Salmonellosis is a major health problem worldwide. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) has been a primary cause of Salmonella outbreaks in many countries. AvrA is an SPI-1 effector protein involved in the enteritis pathway, with critical roles in inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis. In this work, we constructed an AvrA-FLAG-tagged strain of S. Enteritidis to analyse the expression profile of AvrA in vitro, in cell culture and in vivo. AvrA expression and secretion were observed in vitro under culture conditions that mimicked intestinal and intracellular environments. In agreement, bacteria isolated from infected cell monolayers expressed and translocated AvrA for at least 24 h post-inoculation. For in vivo experiments, BALB/c mice were inoculated by the natural route of infection with the AvrA-FLAG strain. Infecting bacteria and infected cells were recovered from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). Our results showed that AvrA continues to be synthesized in vivo up to day 8 post-inoculation. Moreover, AvrA translocation was detected in the cytosol of cells isolated from MLN 8 days after infection. Interestingly, we observed that AvrA is secreted by both type three secretion system (T3SS)-1 and T3SS-2. In summary, these findings indicate that AvrA expression is not constrained to the initial host-bacteria encounter in the intestinal environment as defined previously. The AvrA effector may participate also in systemic S. Enteritidis infection.
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