ReviewNature reviews. Microbiology2014
CRISPR-Cas systems: beyond adaptive immunity.
Review in Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 161 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
161 citing papers in PubMed, 328 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phage anti-defense genes targeting NADVirulence · 2026Article
- CRISPR rewired: from adaptive immunity to a global virulence control network in Salmonella.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Antimicrobial Resistance: How Can We Overcome the Problem?Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Next-generation bacteriophage therapeutic systems: CRISPR-based engineering, near-infrared bioimaging, and precision strategies for treating multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant bacterial infections.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- The stress of carrying CRISPR-Cas.Virulence · 2025Article
- Article
- Genomic Insights into Emerging Multidrug-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The extended mobility of plasmids.Nucleic acids research · 2025Review
- The virulence regulator CovR boosts CRISPR-Cas9 immunity in Group B Streptococcus.Nature communications · 2025Article
- CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of jasmonic acid pathways to enhance biotic & abiotic stress tolerance: An overview & prospects.Functional & integrative genomics · 2025Review
- The Kongming defense: Host-pathogen battles take a new face.Engineering microbiology · 2025Article
- Advances in Diversity, Evolutionary Dynamics and Biotechnological Potential of Restriction-Modification Systems.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Cas3 of type I-Fa CRISPR-Cas system upregulates bacterial biofilm formation and virulence in Acinetobacter baumannii.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Role of CRISPR-Cas system as a new approach in fighting the antimicrobial resistance of bacterial and viral pathogens.Infectious diseases & immunity · 2025Review
- SspA is a transcriptional regulator of CRISPR adaptation in E. coli.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Role of CRISPR-Cas systems in periodontal disease pathogenesis and potential for periodontal therapy: A review.Molecular oral microbiology · 2025Review
- Novel adaptive immune systems in pristine Antarctic soils.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- CRISPR-Cas in actinomycetes: still a lot to be discovered.microLife · 2025Review
- Comparative metagenomic analysis reveals the adaptive evolutionary traits of siboglinid tubeworm symbionts.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Genome MLST scheme for tracing genetic diversity and multidrug resistance of food animal-derivedCurrent research in food science · 2025Article
101 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The discovery of CRISPR-Cas (clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated proteins) adaptive immune systems in prokaryotes has been one of the most exciting advances in microbiology in the past decade. Their role in host protection against mobile genetic elements is now well established, but there is mounting evidence that these systems modulate other processes, such as the genetic regulation of group behaviour and virulence, DNA repair and genome evolution. In this Progress article, we discuss recent studies that have provided insights into these unconventional CRISPR-Cas functions and consider their potential evolutionary implications. Understanding the role of CRISPR-Cas in these processes will improve our understanding of the evolution and maintenance of CRISPR-Cas systems in prokaryotic genomes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.