ArticlePreventive medicine2014
Assessment of the smoke-free outdoor regulation in the WHO European Region.
Article in Preventive medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Method for Observing SMOKing and vaping bEhaviours (MOSMOKE): development and validation of a systematic observation tool.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Maternal smoking during infancy increases the risk of allergic diseases in children: a nationwide longitudinal survey in Japan.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2025Article
- Evaluation of a smoke-free beaches intervention in Barcelona: a quasi-experimental study.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- The global burden of lung cancer: current status and future trends.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2023Review
- Passive exposure and perceptions of smoke-free policies in hospital and university campuses among nursing students: A cross-sectional multicenter study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2023Article
- Pediatric patients' views regarding smoke-free hospital grounds compared to those of adults: A survey study.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2022Article
- Impact of an Inner-City Smoke-Free Zone on Outdoor Smoking Patterns: A Before-After Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Article
- Lung cancer mortality in Europe and the USA between 2000 and 2017: an observational analysis.ERJ open research · 2021Article
- The visibility of smoking in Europe and its relationship with youth's positive beliefs about smoking.International journal of public health · 2019Article
- Observational
- Exposure to Secondhand Tobacco Smoke at Airport Terminals.Journal of environmental and public health · 2019Article
- Accelerated Adoption of Smoke-Free Laws After Ratification of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.American journal of public health · 2016Article
- Cancer prevention as part of precision medicine: 'plenty to be done'.Carcinogenesis · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of this study is to assess the level of protection of secondhand smoke in outdoor locations among countries belonging to the WHO European Region.
methodThis cross-sectional study measures the level of protection provided by laws in outdoor locations. A protocol to evaluate the outdoor smoke-free legislation was developed according to the recommendations provided by the WHO Guidelines for implementing smoke-free outdoor places. For each law 6 main sectors and 28 outdoor locations were evaluated.
results68 laws from 48 countries were reviewed, totally assessing 1758 locations. Overall 3.1% of the locations specified 100% smoke-free outdoor regulation without exceptions, 2.5% permitted smoking in designated outdoor areas, 37.5% allowed smoking everywhere, and 56.9% did not provide information about how to deal with smoking in outdoor places. In the Education sector 17.8% of the laws specified smoke-free outdoor regulation, mainly in the primary and secondary schools. Three pioneering laws from recreational locations and two from general health facilities specified 100% outdoor smoke-free regulation.
conclusionOutdoor smoke-free policies among countries belonging to the WHO European Region are limited and mainly have been passed in the primary and secondary schools, which protect minors from the hazards of secondhand smoke in educational settings.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.