ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2014
Blood levels do not predict behavioral or physiological effects of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol in rhesus monkeys with different patterns of exposure.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacokinetics of oral Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) administration in vervet monkeys.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Article
- Prenatal Cannabis and Tobacco: Studies in Animal Models.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Effects of oral Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol combinations on a sustained attention task in rats.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Effects of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and THC/CBD mixtures on fentanyl versus food choice in rhesus monkeys.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Pharmacokinetics of Cannabis and Its Derivatives in Animals and Humans During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Effects of daily ΔDrug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- Tolerance and dependence to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in rhesus monkeys: Activity assessments.PloS one · 2019Article
- Tolerance to hypothermic and antinoceptive effects of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) vapor inhalation in rats.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2018Article
- Chronic ΔThe Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2018Article
- Cannabis use during pregnancy: Pharmacokinetics and effects on child development.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2018Review
- Behavioral Determinants of Cannabinoid Self-Administration in Old World Monkeys.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2017Article
- Acute and chronic effects of cannabidiol on Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-THC)-induced disruption in stop signal task performance.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2016Article
- Combined Treatment with Morphine and Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Rhesus Monkeys: Antinociceptive Tolerance and Withdrawal.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2016Article
- Toward a comprehensive model of ∆(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol pharmacokinetics using a population pharmacokinetics approach.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRecent changes in the legality of cannabis have prompted evaluation of whether blood levels of Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or its metabolites could be used to substantiate impairment, particularly related to behavioral tasks such as driving. However, because marked tolerance develops to behavioral effects of THC, the applicability of a particular threshold of blood THC as an index of impairment in people with different patterns of use remains unclear. Studies relevant to this issue are difficult to accomplish in humans, as prior drug exposure is difficult to control.
methodsHere, effects of THC to decrease rectal temperature and operant response rate compared to levels of THC and its metabolites were studied in blood in two groups of monkeys: one received intermittent treatment with THC (0.1 mg/kg i.v. every 3-4 days) and another received chronic THC (1 mg/kg/12 h s.c.) for several years.
resultsIn monkeys with intermittent THC exposure, a single dose of THC (3.2 mg/kg s.c.) decreased rectal temperature and response rate. The same dose did not affect response rate or rectal temperature in chronically exposed monkeys, indicative of greater tolerance. In both groups, blood levels of THC peaked 20-60 min post-injection and had a similar half-life of elimination, indicating no tolerance to the pharmacokinetics of THC. Notably, in both groups, the behavioral effects of THC were not apparent when blood levels were maximal (20-min post-administration).
conclusionThese data indicate that thresholds for blood levels of THC do not provide a consistent index of behavioral impairment across individuals with different patterns of THC exposure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.