Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24703049›Full record

SynthesisThe lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology2014

The effect of vitamin D supplementation on skeletal, vascular, or cancer outcomes: a trial sequential meta-analysis.

Mark J Bolland, Andrew Grey, Greg D Gamble, Ian R Reid

Erratum issuedAbstract readMeta-AnalysisReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 171 papers, 20 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
171citing papers in PubMed, 20 pooled it
49.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

171 citing papers in PubMed, 20 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 422 citations in OpenAlex.

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  7. Vitamin D supplementation for chronic liver diseases in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021
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  11. Vitamin D supplementation for chronic liver diseases in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017
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  12. Guideline
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  18. Impact of serum vitamin D level on risk of bladder cancer: a systemic review and meta-analysis.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2015
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  20. Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014
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111 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Mark J BollandDepartment of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. Electronic address: m.bolland@auckland.ac.nz.
Andrew GreyDepartment of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
Greg D GambleDepartment of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
Ian R ReidDepartment of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
University of Auckland · NZ

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundVitamin D insufficiency is associated with many disorders, leading to calls for widespread supplementation. Some investigators suggest that more clinical trials to test the effect of vitamin D on disorders are needed.

methodsWe did a trial sequential meta-analysis of existing randomised controlled trials of vitamin D supplements, with or without calcium, to investigate the possible effect of future trials on current knowledge. We estimated the effects of vitamin D supplementation on myocardial infarction or ischaemic heart disease, stroke or cerebrovascular disease, cancer, total fracture, hip fracture, and mortality in trial sequential analyses using a risk reduction threshold of 5% for mortality and 15% for other endpoints.

findingsThe effect estimate for vitamin D supplementation with or without calcium for myocardial infarction or ischaemic heart disease (nine trials, 48 647 patients), stroke or cerebrovascular disease (eight trials 46 431 patients), cancer (seven trials, 48 167 patients), and total fracture (22 trials, 76 497 patients) lay within the futility boundary, indicating that vitamin D supplementation does not alter the relative risk of any of these endpoints by 15% or more. Vitamin D supplementation alone did not reduce hip fracture by 15% or more (12 trials, 27 834 patients). Vitamin D co-administered with calcium reduced hip fracture in institutionalised individuals (two trials, 3853 patients) but did not alter the relative risk of hip fracture by 15% or more in community-dwelling individuals (seven trials, 46 237 patients). There is uncertainty as to whether vitamin D with or without calcium reduces the risk of death (38 trials, 81 173).

interpretationOur findings suggest that vitamin D supplementation with or without calcium does not reduce skeletal or non-skeletal outcomes in unselected community-dwelling individuals by more than 15%. Future trials with similar designs are unlikely to alter these conclusions.

fundingHealth Research Council of New Zealand.

Indexed as

Dietary SupplementsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overBone DiseasesCalcium, DietaryEndpoint DeterminationFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasmsRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicVascular DiseasesVitamin DVitaminsCalcium, DietaryVitamin DVitamins

Identifiers

PMID24703049
OpenAlexW2099779318

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.