ArticleBulletin of the World Health Organization2014
A comparison of two visual inspection methods for cervical cancer screening among HIV-infected women in Kenya.
Article in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevention of cervical cancer in HIV-seropositive women from developing countries through cervical cancer screening: a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Cervical cancer prevention and treatment research in Africa: a systematic review from a public health perspective.BMC women's health · 2016Pooled it
- Performance of alternative strategies for primary cervical cancer screening in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2015Pooled it
- Prevalence and predictors of cervical lesions among women on ART in the Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: facility-based cross-sectional study.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Modelling epidemiological and economics processes - the case of cervical cancer.Health economics review · 2025Review
- Real-World Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake and Predictors of Visual Inspection With Acetic Acid Positivity Among Women Living With HIV in Care Programs in Western Kenya.JCO global oncology · 2024Article
- Determinants of precancerous cervical lesion among HIV infected women on ART in Woldia comprehensive specialized hospital NorthEast Ethiopia.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- Prevalence and Determinants of Pre-Cancerous Cervical Lesion and Human Papillomavirus Among HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Women in North-West Ethiopia: A Comparative Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Article
- National Policies to Prevent and Manage Cervical Cancer in East African Countries: A Policy Mapping Analysis.Cancers · 2020Article
- Novel concepts in cervical cancer screening: a comparison of VIA, HPV DNA test and p16Infectious agents and cancer · 2020Article
- Portable Pocket colposcopy performs comparably to standard-of-care clinical colposcopy using acetic acid and Lugol's iodine as contrast mediators: an investigational study in Peru.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2018Article
- A review of screening strategies for cervical cancer in human immunodeficiency virus-positive women in sub-Saharan Africa.International journal of women's health · 2017Review
- Article
- Accuracy of Visual Tests for Primary Cervical Cancer Screening in Rural Nepal.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical AssociationArticle
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the optimal strategy for cervical cancer screening in women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by comparing two strategies: visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid (VIA) and VIA followed immediately by visual inspection with Lugol's iodine (VIA/VILI) in women with a positive VIA result.
methodsData from a cervical cancer screening programme embedded in two HIV clinic sites in western Kenya were evaluated. Women at a central site underwent VIA, while women at a peripheral site underwent VIA/VILI. All women positive for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN 2+) on VIA and/or VILI had a confirmatory colposcopy, with a biopsy if necessary. Overall test positivity, positive predictive value (PPV) and the CIN 2+ detection rate were calculated for the two screening methods, with biopsy being the gold standard.
findingsBetween October 2007 and October 2010, 2338 women were screened with VIA and 1124 with VIA/VILI. In the VIA group, 26.4% of the women tested positive for CIN 2+; in the VIA/VILI group, 21.7% tested positive (P < 0.01). Histologically confirmed CIN 2+ was detected in 8.9% and 7.8% (P = 0.27) of women in the VIA and VIA/VILI groups, respectively. The PPV of VIA for biopsy-confirmed CIN 2+ in a single round of screening was 35.2%, compared with 38.2% for VIA/VILI (P = 0.41).
conclusionThe absence of any differences between VIA and VIA/VILI in detection rates or PPV for CIN 2+ suggests that VIA, an easy testing procedure, can be used alone as a cervical cancer screening strategy in low-income settings.
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