ArticleJournal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN2014
Human urinary exosomes as innate immune effectors.
Article in Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 167 citations in OpenAlex.
- Urinary extracellular vesicles: A position paper by the Urine Task Force of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2021Guideline
- Sex differences in urinary extracellular vesicles originating from the genitourinary system in health and disease.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2026Review
- Exosomes in Benign Urological Disorders: From Molecular Biology to Clinical Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Human urinary extracellular vesicle preparations inhibitFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles InhibitAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Bovine Colostrum-Derived Extracellular Vesicles May Accelerate the Growth ofFood science of animal resources · 2025Article
- Bioinspired Nanoplatforms: Polydopamine and Exosomes for Targeted Antimicrobial Therapy.Polymers · 2025Review
- From bench to bedside: the research status and application opportunity of extracellular vesicles and their engineering strategies in the treatment of skin defects.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis of Brain Metastasis.Journal of extracellular biology · 2025Review
- Exosomes of stem cells: a potential frontier in the treatment of osteoarthritis.Precision clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Cutting-Edge Progress in the Acquisition, Modification and Therapeutic Applications of Exosomes for Drug Delivery.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Structural and functional analyses of nematode-derived antimicrobial peptides support the occurrence of direct mechanisms of worm-microbiota interactions.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2024Article
- Exosomes as novel biomarkers in sepsis and sepsis related organ failure.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
- In-line coupling of capillary-channeled polymer fiber columns with optical absorbance and multi-angle light scattering detection for the isolation and characterization of exosomes.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Lower Urinary Tract Inflammation and Infection: Key Microbiological and Immunological Aspects.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Extracellular vesicles from normal tissues orchestrate the homeostasis of macrophages and attenuate inflammatory injury of sepsis.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2024Article
- Exploring the role of urinary extracellular vesicles in kidney physiology, aging, and disease progression.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2023Review
- Preparation of Phillygenin-Hyaluronic acid composite milk-derived exosomes and its anti-hepatic fibrosis effect.Materials today. Bio · 2023Article
- A thermo-resistant and RNase-sensitive cargo fromJournal of extracellular biology · 2023Article
- Proteomic profiling of urinary small extracellular vesicles in children with pneumonia: a pilot study.Pediatric research · 2023Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles, approximately 50 nm in diameter, derived from the endocytic pathway and released by a variety of cell types. Recent data indicate a spectrum of exosomal functions, including RNA transfer, antigen presentation, modulation of apoptosis, and shedding of obsolete protein. Exosomes derived from all nephron segments are also present in human urine, where their function is unknown. Although one report suggested in vitro uptake of exosomes by renal cortical collecting duct cells, most studies of human urinary exosomes have focused on biomarker discovery rather than exosome function. Here, we report results from in-depth proteomic analyses and EM showing that normal human urinary exosomes are significantly enriched for innate immune proteins that include antimicrobial proteins and peptides and bacterial and viral receptors. Urinary exosomes, but not the prevalent soluble urinary protein uromodulin (Tamm-Horsfall protein), potently inhibited growth of pathogenic and commensal Escherichia coli and induced bacterial lysis. Bacterial killing depended on exosome structural integrity and occurred optimally at the acidic pH typical of urine from omnivorous humans. Thus, exosomes are innate immune effectors that contribute to host defense within the urinary tract.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.