ArticleJournal of immigrant and minority health2015
International migration from non-endemic settings as a protective factor for HIV/STI risk among female sex workers in Vancouver, Canada.
Article in Journal of immigrant and minority health, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Structural determinants of HIV/STI prevalence, HIV/STI/sexual and reproductive health access, and condom use among immigrant sex workers globally.AIDS (London, England) · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- "He showed me a knife and said they would kill me and no one would know or care": a qualitative study into the experiences of transnational sex workers in Ghana.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Correlates of Client-Perpetrated Violence Against Female Sex Workers in Bogotá.Violence against women · 2024Article
- Vulnerability to HIV Infection Among International Immigrants in China: Cross-sectional Web-Based Survey.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Article
- HIV prevalence ratio of international migrants compared to their native-born counterparts: A systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2022Article
- Barriers and facilitators to hepatitis B vaccination among sex workers in Vancouver, Canada: Implications for integrated HIV, STI, and viral hepatitis services.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2019Article
- Impacts of im/migration experience on work stress among sex workers in Vancouver, Canada.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2019Article
- Third Parties (Venue Owners, Managers, Security, etc.) and Access to Occupational Health and Safety Among Sex Workers in a Canadian Setting: 2010-2016.American journal of public health · 2019Article
- Preventing sexually transmitted and blood borne infections (STBBIs) among sex workers: a critical review of the evidence on determinants and interventions in high-income countries.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Review
- Influence of indoor work environments on health, safety, and human rights among migrant sex workers at the Guatemala-Mexico Border: a call for occupational health and safety interventions.BMC international health and human rights · 2018Article
- Recent im/migration to Canada linked to unmet health needs among sex workers in Vancouver, Canada: Findings of a longitudinal study.Health care for women international · 2017Article
- Article
- Condoms and sexual health education as evidence: impact of criminalization of in-call venues and managers on migrant sex workers access to HIV/STI prevention in a Canadian setting.BMC international health and human rights · 2016Article
- Structural Barriers to Antiretroviral Therapy Among Sex Workers Living with HIV: Findings of a Longitudinal Study in Vancouver, Canada.AIDS and behavior · 2016Article
- Enhancing the Ethical Conduct of HIV Research with Migrant Sex Workers: Human Rights, Policy, and Social Contextual Influences.PloS one · 2016Article
- Social and Structural Factors Shaping High Rates of Incarceration among Sex Workers in a Canadian Setting.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2015Article
- Structural determinants of inconsistent condom use with clients among migrant sex workers: findings of longitudinal research in an urban canadian setting.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2015Article
- Sexual relationship power and intimate partner violence among sex workers with non-commercial intimate partners in a Canadian setting.AIDS care · 2015Article
- Complexities of short-term mobility for sex work and migration among sex workers: violence and sexual risks, barriers to care, and enhanced social and economic opportunities.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Given heterogeneous evidence regarding the impacts of migration on HIV/sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among female sex workers (FSWs), we explored factors associated with international migration among FSWs in Vancouver, Canada. We draw on baseline questionnaire and HIV/STI testing data from a community-based cohort, AESHA, from 2010-2012. Logistic regression identified correlates of international migration. Of 650 FSWs, 163 (25.1%) were international migrants, who primarily worked in formal indoor establishments. HIV/STI prevalence was lower among migrants than Canadian-born women (5.5 vs. 25.9%). In multivariate analysis, international migration was positively associated with completing high school, supporting dependents, and paying a third party, and negatively associated with HIV, injecting drugs and inconsistent condom use with clients. Although migrants experience lower workplace harms and HIV risk than Canadian-born women, they face concerning levels of violence, police harassment, and HIV/STIs. Research exploring structural and socio-cultural factors shaping risk mitigation and migrants' access to support remains needed.
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