ArticlePLoS computational biology2014
Rates of CTL killing in persistent viral infection in vivo.
Article in PLoS computational biology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Complexity of Bovine Leukemia Virus Oncogenesis.Viruses · 2025Review
- PCSK9 Manipulates Lipid Metabolism and the Immune Microenvironment in Cancer.OncoTargets and therapy · 2025Review
- PCSK9 in T-cell function and the immune response.Biomarker research · 2024Review
- Genetic Variability of Bovine Leukemia Virus: Evidence of Dual Infection, Recombination and Quasi-Species.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Control Growth of B16 Tumor Cells in Collagen-Fibrin Gels by Cytolytic and Non-Lytic Mechanisms.Viruses · 2023Article
- Mathematical modeling suggests cytotoxic T lymphocytes control growth of B16 tumor cells in collagin-fibrin gels by cytolytic and non-lytic mechanisms.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Evaluation of CD8 T cell killing models with computer simulations of 2-photon imaging experiments.PLoS computational biology · 2020Article
- Heterogeneous, delayed-onset killing by multiple-hitting T cells: Stochastic simulations to assess methods for analysis of imaging data.PLoS computational biology · 2020Article
- Cancer-induced immunosuppression can enable effectiveness of immunotherapy through bistability generation: A mathematical and computational examination.Journal of theoretical biology · 2020Article
- Designing of CD8Biologics : targets & therapy · 2018Article
- Immunocompetence and mechanism of the DRibble-DCs vaccine for oral squamous cell carcinoma.Cancer management and research · 2018Article
- Within-Epitope Interactions Can Bias CTL Escape Estimation in Early HIV Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Large Variations in HIV-1 Viral Load Explained by Shifting-Mosaic Metapopulation Dynamics.PLoS biology · 2016Article
- Notwithstanding Circumstantial Alibis, Cytotoxic T Cells Can Be Major Killers of HIV-1-Infected Cells.Journal of virology · 2016Article
- In Vivo Killing Capacity of Cytotoxic T Cells Is Limited and Involves Dynamic Interactions and T Cell Cooperativity.Immunity · 2016Article
- Estimating the In Vivo Killing Efficacy of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes across Different Peptide-MHC Complex Densities.PLoS computational biology · 2015Article
- Hybrid spreading mechanisms and T cell activation shape the dynamics of HIV-1 infection.PLoS computational biology · 2015Article
- The route of HIV escape from immune response targeting multiple sites is determined by the cost-benefit tradeoff of escape mutations.PLoS computational biology · 2014Article
- Review
- Derivative-Free Optimization of Rate Parameters of Capsid Assembly Models from Bulk in Vitro Data.IEEE/ACM transactions on computational biology and bioinformaticsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response is an important defence against viral invasion. Although CTL-mediated cytotoxicity has been widely studied for many years, the rate at which virus-infected cells are killed in vivo by the CTL response is poorly understood. To date the rate of CTL killing in vivo has been estimated for three virus infections but the estimates differ considerably, and killing of HIV-1-infected cells was unexpectedly low. This raises questions about the typical anti-viral capability of CTL and whether CTL killing is abnormally low in HIV-1. We estimated the rate of killing of infected cells by CD8+ T cells in two distinct persistent virus infections: sheep infected with Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) and humans infected with Human T Lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) which together with existing data allows us to study a total of five viruses in parallel. Although both BLV and HTLV-1 infection are characterised by large expansions of chronically activated CTL with immediate effector function ex vivo and no evidence of overt immune suppression, our estimates are at the lower end of the reported range. This enables us to put current estimates into perspective and shows that CTL killing of HIV-infected cells may not be atypically low. The estimates at the higher end of the range are obtained in more manipulated systems and may thus represent the potential rather than the realised CTL efficiency.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.