ArticleNeuron2014
V1 and v2b interneurons secure the alternating flexor-extensor motor activity mice require for limbed locomotion.
Article in Neuron, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 128 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
128 citing papers in PubMed, 241 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gene expression programs underlying spinal commissural neuron differentiation and axon growth across the midline.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Roles of spinal V3 interneurons: Roles in controlling movement in healthy and injured conditions.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic analysis of spinal V1 interneurons informs their multifunctional role in motor output.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Spatial and network principles behind neural generation of locomotion.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Redefining the central pattern generator for vertebrate locomotion.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Transcriptional and cellular maturation of the chick spinal cord in the context of distinct neuromuscular circuits.iScience · 2026Article
- Hoxa9 compensates for the absence of Hoxc9 in suppressing limb-type motor neurons in sharks.Zoological letters · 2026Article
- Spinal circuit mechanisms constrain therapeutic windows for ALS intervention: A computational modeling study.Neurobiology of disease · 2026Article
- Inhibitory circuits control leg movements duringeLife · 2026Article
- Effects of Complete Spinal Cord Transection in Neonatal and Juvenile Rats on Parvalbumin-Positive Inputs and Perineuronal Net Formation on Chx10-Positive V2a Interneurons.Developmental neuroscience · 2026Article
- From Fin to Limb: Orientational Shift and Evolution of Diagonal-Couplet Gait in Tetrapods.Integrative organismal biology (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Inhibitory circuits control leg movements duringbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Personalized mapping of inhibitory spinal cord circuits in humans via noninvasive neural decoding and in silico modeling.Science advances · 2025Article
- Synaptic imbalance and increased inhibition impair motor function in SMA.Science advances · 2025Article
- Central Pattern Generators in Spinal Cord Injury: Mechanisms, Modulation, and Therapeutic Strategies for Motor Recovery.JOR spine · 2025Review
- V2b Neurons Act via Multiple Targets to Produce in Phase Inhibition during Locomotion.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Sensory Feedback and the Dynamic Control of Movement.Annual review of neuroscience · 2025Review
- Article
- Decreased spinal inhibition leads to undiversified locomotor patterns.Biological cybernetics · 2025Article
- Altered Functional Connectivity Between Cortical Premotor Areas and the Spinal Cord in Chronic Stroke.Stroke · 2025Article
68 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Reciprocal activation of flexor and extensor muscles constitutes the fundamental mechanism that tetrapod vertebrates use for locomotion and limb-driven reflex behaviors. This aspect of motor coordination is controlled by inhibitory neurons in the spinal cord; however, the identity of the spinal interneurons that serve this function is not known. Here, we show that the production of an alternating flexor-extensor motor rhythm depends on the composite activities of two classes of ventrally located inhibitory neurons, V1 and V2b interneurons (INs). Abrogating V1 and V2b IN-derived neurotransmission in the isolated spinal cord results in a synchronous pattern of L2 flexor-related and L5 extensor-related locomotor activity. Mice lacking V1 and V2b inhibition are unable to articulate their limb joints and display marked deficits in limb-driven reflex movements. Taken together, these findings identify V1- and V2b-derived neurons as the core interneuronal components of the limb central pattern generator (CPG) that coordinate flexor-extensor motor activity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.