ReviewInternational journal of pediatrics2014
Clinical pharmacology of midazolam in neonates and children: effect of disease-a review.
Review in International journal of pediatrics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04571879 (Nebulized Lidocaine and Intranasal Midazolam for Reducing Pain/Anxiety of Nasogastric Tube Insertion in Children), which is not on this map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Nebulized Lidocaine and Intranasal Midazolam for Reducing Pain/Anxiety of Nasogastric Tube Insertion in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Clonidine and Midazolam for Sedation in Pediatric Intensive Care.Paediatric anaesthesia · 2025Trial
- Recently Registered Midazolam Doses for Preterm Neonates Do Not Lead to Equal Exposure: A Population Pharmacokinetic Model.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2019Trial
- Comparison of ease of administration of intranasal midazolam spray and oral midazolam syrup by parents as premedication to children undergoing elective surgery.Journal of anesthesia · 2017Trial
- A CYP3A7 metabolically competent human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cell (hHLCDrug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2026Article
- Midazolam Dosing During CRRT: A Combined Ex Vivo and Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Approach.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026Article
- Optimizing Pediatric Drug Therapy: Pediatric Pharmacokinetics and Administration Routes.The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine versus midazolam for sedation in mechanically ventilated pediatric patients: a randomized clinical trial.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2026Article
- New Insights into Drug Development via the Nose-to-Brain Pathway: Exemplification Through Dodecyl Creatine Ester for Neuronal Disorders.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Comprehensive characterization of chronic midazolam exposure on neonates and long-term neurodevelopment.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Dexmedetomidine: Shifting Paradigms in Neonatal Sedation and Pain Control.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Intranasal Analgesia in Preterm and Term Neonates.Paediatric drugs · 2025Review
- Investigating the Relationship Between Midazolam Serum Concentrations and Paediatric Delirium in Critically Ill Children.Pediatric reports · 2025Article
- Remimazolam in pediatric ambulatory anesthesia: a critical review and clinical perspective.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Midazolam-Induced Seizure-Like Activity in Five Neonates: A case series.Sultan Qaboos University medical journal · 2024Article
- Antibiotics, Analgesic Sedatives, and Antiseizure Medications Frequently Used in Critically Ill Neonates: A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Use of Midazolam as an Antiseizure Medication in Neonatal Seizures: Single Center Experience and Literature Review.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2024Observational
- Neurocardiovascular coupling in congenital diaphragmatic hernia patients undergoing different types of surgical treatment.European journal of anaesthesiology · 2022Observational
- Decoding the Synaptic Proteome with Long-Term Exposure to Midazolam during Early Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Premedication before laryngoscopy in neonates: Evidence-based statement from the French society of neonatology (SFN).Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Review
- Developing a SWATH capillary LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous therapeutic drug monitoring and untargeted metabolomics analysis of neonatal plasma.Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Midazolam is a benzodiazepine with rapid onset of action and short duration of effect. In healthy neonates the half-life (t 1/2) and the clearance (Cl) are 3.3-fold longer and 3.7-fold smaller, respectively, than in adults. The volume of distribution (Vd) is 1.1 L/kg both in neonates and adults. Midazolam is hydroxylated by CYP3A4 and CYP3A5; the activities of these enzymes surge in the liver in the first weeks of life and thus the metabolic rate of midazolam is lower in neonates than in adults. Midazolam acts as a sedative, as an antiepileptic, for those infants who are refractory to standard antiepileptic therapy, and as an anaesthetic. Information of midazolam as an anaesthetic in infants are very little. Midazolam is usually administered intravenously; when minimal sedation is required, intranasal administration of midazolam is employed. Disease affects the pharmacokinetics of midazolam in neonates; multiple organ failure reduces the Cl of midazolam and mechanical ventilation prolongs the t 1/2 of this drug. ECMO therapy increases t 1/2, Cl, and Vd of midazolam several times. The adverse effects of midazolam in neonates are scarce: pain, tenderness, and thrombophlebitis may occur. Respiratory depression and hypotension appear in a limited percentage of infants following intravenous infusion of midazolam. In conclusion, midazolam is a safe and effective drug which is employed as a sedative, as antiepileptic agent, for infants who are refractory to standard antiepileptic therapy, and as an anaesthetic.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.