ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2014
CD4+ T Cells: guardians of the phagosome.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the functions of NKG7 in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during malaria.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Cytotoxic CD4Parasite immunology · 2026Article
- CD4Nature communications · 2026Article
- T cell-macrophage interactions in tuberculosis: What we've got here is failure to communicate.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Causal Association Between Sleep Deprivation and Glioblastoma Risk: Insights from Multi-Omics Analysis.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2025Article
- A minority of Th1 and Tfh effector cells express survival genes shared by memory cell progeny that require IL-7 or TCR signaling to persist.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Single-cell transcriptomics unveils leukocyte heterogeneity in the gills ofFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- PLGA nanoparticles as an efficient carrier inFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Advancing vaccine technology through the manipulation of pathogenic and commensal bacteria.Materials today. Bio · 2024Review
- Article
- The dynamics and longevity of circulating CD4+ memory T cells depend on cell age and not the chronological age of the host.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- The dynamics and longevity of circulating CD4bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Comprehensive Transcriptomic Profiling of Diverse Brain Tumor Types Uncovers Complex Structures of the Brain Tumor Microenvironment.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- The role of CD4Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- A molecular signature for IL-10-producing Th1 cells in protozoan parasitic diseases.JCI insight · 2023Article
- The CD4+ T cell repertoire specific for citrullinated peptides shows evidence of immune tolerance.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- CD4Nature immunology · 2023Review
- T helper 1 effector memory CD4Cell reports · 2023Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
CD4(+) T cells are key cells of the adaptive immune system that use T cell antigen receptors to recognize peptides that are generated in endosomes or phagosomes and displayed on the host cell surface bound to major histocompatibility complex molecules. These T cells participate in immune responses that protect hosts from microbes such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Leishmania major, and Salmonella enterica, which have evolved to live in the phagosomes of macrophages and dendritic cells. Here, we review studies indicating that CD4(+) T cells control phagosomal infections asymptomatically in most individuals by secreting cytokines that activate the microbicidal activities of infected phagocytes but in a way that inhibits the pathogen but does not eliminate it. Indeed, we make the case that localized, controlled, persistent infection is necessary to maintain large numbers of CD4(+) effector T cells in a state of activation needed to eradicate systemic and more pathogenic forms of the infection. Finally, we posit that current vaccines for phagosomal infections fail because they do not produce this "periodic reminder" form of CD4(+) T cell-mediated immune control.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.