ArticlePloS one2014
Cranial irradiation alters the brain's microenvironment and permits CCR2+ macrophage infiltration.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- From DNA damage to systemic immunity: Interaction networks in radio-immunotherapy.Cell insight · 2026Review
- Article
- Protocol for isolation of live tumor-infiltrating immune cells from immunocompetent murine brains for high-dimensional profiling.STAR protocols · 2026Article
- Dose-Dependent Dual Effects of Gradient Ionizing Radiation on Neurocognition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Article
- Central Nervous System Response Against Ionizing Radiation Exposure: Cellular, Biochemical, and Molecular Perspectives.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- EdU tracking of leukocyte recruitment in mouse models of ischemic stroke and sterile lung inflammation.Journal of cell science · 2025Article
- Interplay Between Key Molecular Signaling Pathways and Immune Players Following Brain Irradiation.Mediators of inflammation · 2025Review
- Tissue-Resident Macrophages in Cancer: Friend or Foe?Cancer medicine · 2024Review
- Cranial irradiation disrupts homeostatic microglial dynamic behavior.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Pivotal Role of Cranial Irradiation-Induced Peripheral, Intrinsic, and Brain-Engrafting Macrophages in Malignant Glioma.Clinical Medicine Insights. Oncology · 2024Review
- Advances in the study of the molecular biological mechanisms of radiation-induced brain injury.American journal of cancer research · 2023Review
- Microglia as Therapeutic Target for Radiation-Induced Brain Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Brain Metastases Management in Oncogene-Addicted Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Targeted Therapies Era.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Experimental Colitis Enhances Temporal Variations in CX3CR1 Cell Colonization of the Gut and Brain Following Irradiation.The American journal of pathology · 2022Article
- Ionizing radiation, cerebrovascular disease, and consequent dementia: A review and proposed framework relevant to space radiation exposure.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Review
- All for one, though not one for all: team players in normal tissue radiobiology.International journal of radiation biology · 2022Review
- In Vivo Imaging of the Microglial Landscape After Whole Brain Radiation Therapy.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2021Article
- Functional role of brain-engrafted macrophages against brain injuries.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Therapeutic irradiation is commonly used to treat primary or metastatic central nervous system tumors. It is believed that activation of neuroinflammatory signaling pathways contributes to the development of common adverse effects, which may ultimately contribute to cognitive dysfunction. Recent studies identified the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor (CCR2), constitutively expressed by cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage, as a mediator of cognitive impairments induced by irradiation. In the present study we utilized a unique reporter mouse (CCR2(RFP/+)CX3CR1(GFP/+)) to accurately delineate the resident (CX3CR1+) versus peripheral (CCR2+) innate immune response in the brain following cranial irradiation. Our results demonstrate that a single dose of 10Gy cranial γ-irradiation induced a significant decrease in the percentage of resident microglia, while inducing an increase in the infiltration of peripherally derived CCR2+ macrophages. Although reduced in percentage, there was a significant increase in F4/80+ activated macrophages in irradiated animals compared to sham. Moreover, we found that there were altered levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and growth factors in the hippocampi of wild type irradiated mice as compared to sham. All of these molecules are implicated in the recruitment, adhesion, and migration of peripheral monocytes to injured tissue. Importantly, there were no measureable changes in the expression of multiple markers associated with blood-brain barrier integrity; implicating the infiltration of peripheral CCR2+ macrophages may be due to inflammatory induced chemotactic signaling. Cumulatively, these data provide evidence that therapeutic levels of cranial radiation are sufficient to alter the brain's homeostatic balance and permit the influx of peripherally-derived CCR2+ macrophages as well as the regional susceptibility of the hippocampal formation to ionizing radiation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.