Trial reportPloS one2014
Incidence and predictors of first line antiretroviral regimen modification in western Kenya.
Trial report in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04938518 (Investigation of the Impact of Inducible, Replication-competent Latent HIV-1 as an Impediment to HIV/AIDS Cure in the Context of Sustained Viral Suppression), which is not on this map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Investigation of the Impact of Inducible, Replication-competent Latent HIV-1 as an Impediment to HIV/AIDS Cure in the Context of Sustained Viral Suppression
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- First line antiretroviral treatment failure and its association with drug substitution and sex among children in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Incidence Rate and Factors Associated with Antiretroviral Therapy Regimen Change among Adult HIV Patients at Ngoerah Hospital Bali, Indonesia.Infection & chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Incidence and Predictors of Severe Adverse Drug Reaction Among Adult HIV Patients Initiated with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Northwest Ethiopia: A Retrospective Follow-up Study.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Joint modeling of predictors of adverse drug reactions and viral load changes over time among adult patients on ART at Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial comprehensive specialized hospital, central Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Multi-state Markov model for time to treatment changes for HIV/AIDS patients: a retrospective cohort national datasets, Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Discontinuation of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate from initial ART regimens because of renal adverse events: An analysis of data from four multi-country clinical trials.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Antiretroviral therapy regimen modification rates and associated factors in a cohort of HIV/AIDS patients in Asmara, Eritrea: a 16-year retrospective analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Magnitude and predictors of first-line antiretroviral therapy regimen change among HIV infected adults: A retrospective cross sectional study.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Article
- Article
- Time to initial highly active antiretroviral therapy discontinuation and its predictors among HIV patients in Felege Hiwot comprehensive specialized hospital: a retrospective cohort study.AIDS research and therapy · 2021Article
- Incidence and Predictors of Severe Adverse Drug Reaction Among Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Tigray, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Article
- Incidence and Predictors of Initial Antiretroviral Therapy Regimen Change Among HIV-Infected Adults Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy at Arba Minch General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Article
- Reasons for first line ART modification over the years during the ART scale up in Uganda.AIDS research and therapy · 2019Article
- Second-line antiretroviral therapy regimen change among adults living with HIV in Amhara region: a multi-centered retrospective follow-up study.BMC research notes · 2019Article
- Medication Side Effects and Retention in HIV Treatment: A Regression Discontinuity Study of Tenofovir Implementation in South Africa and Zambia.American journal of epidemiology · 2018Article
- Regimen durability in HIV-infected children and adolescents initiating first-line antiretroviral therapy in a large public sector HIV cohort in South Africa.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2018Article
- Perception of Cervical Cancer Patients on their Financial Challenges in Western Kenya.BMC health services research · 2018Article
- Has the phasing out of stavudine in accordance with changes in WHO guidelines led to a decrease in single-drug substitutions in first-line antiretroviral therapy for HIV in sub-Saharan Africa?AIDS (London, England) · 2017Article
- The incidence of first-line antiretroviral treatment changes and related factors among HIV-infected sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya.The Pan African medical journal · 2017Article
- Association Between the Occurrence of Adverse Drug Events and Modification of First-Line Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Ghanaian HIV Patients.Drug safety · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLimited antiretroviral treatment regimens in resource-limited settings require long-term sustainability of patients on the few available options. We evaluated the incidence and predictors of combined antiretroviral treatment (cART) modifications, in an outpatient cohort of 955 patients who initiated cART between January 2009 and January 2011 in western Kenya.
methodscART modification was defined as either first time single drug substitution or switch. Incidence rates were determined by Poisson regression and risk factor analysis assessed using multivariate Cox regression modeling.
resultsOver a median follow-up period of 10.7 months, 178 (18.7%) patients modified regimens (incidence rate (IR); 18.6 per 100 person years [95% CI: 16.2-21.8]). Toxicity was the most common cited reason (66.3%). In adjusted multivariate Cox piecewise regression model, WHO disease stage III/IV (aHR; 1.82, 95%CI: 1.25-2.66), stavudine (d4T) use (aHR; 2.21 95%CI: 1.49-3.30) and increase in age (aHR; 1.02, 95%CI: 1.0-1.04) were associated with increased risk of treatment modification within the first year post-cART. Zidovudine (AZT) and tenofovir (TDF) use had a reduced risk for modification (aHR; 0.60 95%CI: 0.38-0.96 and aHR; 0.51 95%CI: 0.29-0.91 respectively). Beyond one year of treatment, d4T use (aHR; 2.75, 95% CI: 1.25-6.05), baseline CD4 counts ≤350 cells/mm3 (aHR; 2.45, 95%CI: 1.14-5.26), increase in age (aHR; 1.05 95%CI: 1.02-1.07) and high baseline weight >60kg aHR; 2.69 95% CI: 1.58-4.59) were associated with risk of cART modification.
conclusionsEarly treatment initiation at higher CD4 counts and avoiding d4T use may reduce treatment modification and subsequently improve sustainability of patients on the available limited options.
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